Department of Applied Science and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47805, USA.
J Athl Train. 2011 Jul-Aug;46(4):424-30. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-46.4.424.
Occupation or occupational setting shifts might be occurring in the athletic training profession, and differences between sexes might exist; however, little evidence exists to confirm this supposition.
To evaluate trends in male and female athletic training employment patterns in terms of age and occupational setting.
Cross-sectional study.
We requested demographic data from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (October 27, 2009) and obtained frequency totals of members by sex across the occupational life span by occupational setting.
Our sample included 18 571 athletic trainers employed in the 3 largest classifications of occupational settings within the profession: college or university, clinical, and secondary school.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): We calculated frequencies and percentages to determine demographic and descriptive data. We analyzed the data using an analysis of variance to identify the differences between sexes across age and setting.
We observed trends in occupational setting and sex across ages 22 to 67 years. We identified differences between sexes across the ages 22 to 67 years (F(1,18569) = 110818.080, P < .001, η(2) = .068) and across occupational settings (F(1,18569) = 61.908, P < .001, η(2) = .003), noting a marked decline in female athletic trainers in the workforce beginning around age 28 years and an increase in male athletic trainers in the secondary school setting beginning around their middle to late 40s. We observed differences at the intercept between setting and sex (F(1,18569) = 63529.344, P < .001, η(2) = .845), which were greater when observed across the ages (F(1,18569) = 23566787.642, P < .001, η(2) = .939).
We identified differences between sexes across settings and ages in addition to an overall decrease in the workforce among all professionals. A marked decline in female athletic trainers occurred at age 28 years, yet the male population increased at the secondary school level, suggesting a setting shift. Burnout, fatigue, pay scale, and a misunderstanding of professional culture and job duties might influence the exodus or shift in athletic training.
运动训练专业可能正在发生职业或职业环境的转变，性别之间可能存在差异；然而，几乎没有证据证实这一假设。
评估男性和女性运动训练员在年龄和职业环境方面的就业模式趋势。
横断面研究。
我们向美国运动训练协会（2009 年 10 月 27 日）请求人口统计数据，并根据职业寿命获得了各职业环境中男女会员的职业总数。
我们的样本包括在该专业 3 个最大职业环境分类中就业的 18571 名运动训练员：学院或大学、临床和中学。
我们计算了频率和百分比，以确定人口统计学和描述性数据。我们使用方差分析来分析数据，以确定男女在年龄和环境方面的差异。
我们观察到 22 岁至 67 岁年龄组的职业环境和性别趋势。我们发现，在 22 岁至 67 岁的年龄组中，男女之间存在差异（F[1,18569] = 110818.080，P <.001，η[2] =.068），在 22 岁至 67 岁的年龄组中，男女之间存在差异（F[1,18569] = 61.908，P <.001，η[2] =.003），职业环境存在差异，注意到大约从 28 岁开始，女性运动训练员在劳动力中的数量开始显著减少，而大约在 40 多岁中期到后期，男性运动训练员在中学环境中的数量开始增加。我们观察到环境与性别之间的截距差异（F[1,18569] = 63529.344，P <.001，η[2] =.845），当观察年龄时差异更大（F[1,18569] = 23566787.642，P <.001，η[2] =.939）。
除了所有专业人员的劳动力总体减少外，我们还发现了性别在环境和年龄方面的差异。大约 28 岁时，女性运动训练员的数量明显减少，但男性人口在中学阶段增加，这表明环境发生了转变。职业倦怠、疲劳、薪酬水平、对专业文化和工作职责的误解可能会影响运动训练的流失或转移。
