Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 63, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2012 Jan 18;105(2):544-53. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.09.007. Epub 2011 Sep 14.
The sensation of hunger after a period of fasting and of satiety after eating is crucial to behavioral regulation of food intake, but the biological mechanisms regulating these sensations are incompletely understood. We studied the behavioral and physiological adaptations to fasting in the vinegar fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Here we show that both male and female flies increased their rate of food intake transiently in the post-fasted state. Although the basal feeding rate was higher in females than males, the magnitude of the post-fasting feeding response was the same in both sexes. Flies returned to a stable baseline feeding rate within 12 h after return to food for males and 24 h for females. This modulation in feeding was accompanied by a significant increase in the size of the crop organ of the digestive system, suggesting that fasted flies responded both by increasing their food intake and storing reserve food in their crop. Flies demonstrated increased behavioral attraction to an attractive odor when food-deprived. Expression profiling of head, body, and chemosensory tissues by microarray analysis revealed 415 genes regulated by fasting after 24 h and 723 genes after 48 h, with downregulated genes outnumbering upregulated genes in each tissue and fasting time point. These transcriptional changes showed rich temporal dynamics and affected genes across multiple functional gene ontology categories. These observations suggest that a coordinated transcriptional response to internal physiological state may regulate both ingestive behaviors and chemosensory perception of food.
在禁食一段时间后产生饥饿感，进食后产生饱腹感，这对行为调节食物摄入至关重要，但调节这些感觉的生物学机制尚未完全了解。我们研究了饥饿对醋蝇（Drosophila melanogaster）的行为和生理适应性。在这里，我们发现雄性和雌性果蝇在禁食后都会短暂地增加进食速度。尽管雌性的基础进食率高于雄性，但在两性中，禁食后的进食反应幅度是相同的。雄性在回到食物后 12 小时内，雌性在 24 小时内恢复到稳定的基线进食率。这种进食的调节伴随着消化系统的嗉囊器官显著增大，这表明禁食的果蝇通过增加食物摄入量和在嗉囊中储存储备食物来做出反应。当食物匮乏时，果蝇对有吸引力的气味表现出更强的行为吸引力。通过微阵列分析对头、身体和化学感觉组织进行表达谱分析，发现禁食 24 小时后有 415 个基因和 48 小时后有 723 个基因受到调节，每个组织和禁食时间点下调的基因数量多于上调的基因。这些转录变化显示出丰富的时间动态，影响了多个功能基因本体类别中的基因。这些观察结果表明，对内部生理状态的协调转录反应可能调节摄食行为和对食物的化学感觉感知。
