Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5118, USA.
Hum Reprod. 2011 Dec;26(12):3479-85. doi: 10.1093/humrep/der305. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Fertility potential and reproductive fitness may reflect a man's future health, given that over one-third of the male human genome is involved in reproduction. We sought to determine if offspring number predicts cardiovascular death in the US men.
Using data from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, 137,903 men (aged 50-71) without prior cardiovascular disease were followed-up for an average of 10.2 years. International Classification of Diseases, ninth edition, codes were used to establish the cause of death, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the association between offspring number and cardiovascular death while accounting for sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.
Almost all (92%) participants had fathered at least one child and 50% had three or more offspring. A total of 3082 men died of cardiovascular causes during follow-up for an age-adjusted incidence rate of 2.70 per 1000 person-years. Compared with fathers, after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, childless men had a 17% [hazard ratio (HR): 1.17; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.32] increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease contracted in the study period, and this elevated risk appeared to extend also to men with only one child. In comparison with fathers of five or more children, adjusted relative hazards for cardiovascular mortality of this sort were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92-1.22) for four children, 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for three children, 1.02 (0.90-1.16) for two children, 1.11 (0.95-1.30) for one child and 1.21 (1.03-1.41) for no children.
Married men who have no children have a higher risk of dying from cardiovascular disease contracted after the age of 50 than men with two or more children.
鉴于超过三分之一的人类基因组与生殖有关，生育能力和生殖健康可能反映了男性未来的健康状况。我们试图确定美国男性的子女数量是否可以预测心血管死亡。
利用美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究的数据，对 137903 名（年龄在 50-71 岁之间）无既往心血管疾病的男性进行了平均 10.2 年的随访。使用国际疾病分类第 9 版代码确定死因，使用多变量 Cox 比例风险模型估计子女数量与心血管死亡之间的关联，同时考虑社会人口统计学和生活方式特征。
几乎所有（92%）参与者至少生育了一个孩子，50%的参与者生育了三个或更多孩子。在随访期间，共有 3082 名男性死于心血管疾病，年龄校正发病率为每 1000 人年 2.70 例。与父亲相比，在调整了社会人口统计学和生活方式因素后，无子女的男性死于研究期间心血管疾病的风险增加了 17%（风险比[HR]：1.17；95%置信区间[CI]：1.03-1.32），这种风险似乎也延伸到了只有一个孩子的男性。与生育五个或更多孩子的父亲相比，这种心血管死亡率的调整相对危险度分别为：生育四个孩子时为 1.06（95%CI：0.92-1.22），生育三个孩子时为 1.02（0.90-1.16），生育两个孩子时为 1.02（0.90-1.16），生育一个孩子时为 1.11（0.95-1.30），无子女时为 1.21（1.03-1.41）。
已婚且没有子女的男性比有两个或更多孩子的男性在 50 岁后死于心血管疾病的风险更高。
