Bioenergy Unit, Ecofys, 81243 München, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Nov 15;45(22):9473-83. doi: 10.1021/es201792c. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
For the development of commercial biochar projects, reliable data on biochar production technologies is needed. For this purpose, peer-reviewed scientific articles on carbonization technologies (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization, and flash carbonization) have been analyzed. Valuable information is provided by papers on pyrolysis processes, less information is available on gasification processes, and few papers about hydrothermal and flash carbonization technologies were identified. A wide range of data on the costs of char production (between 51 US$ per tonne pyrolysis biochar from yard waste and 386 US$ per tonne retort charcoal) and on the GHG balance of biochar systems (between -1054 kg CO(2)e and +123 kg CO(2)e per t dry biomass feedstock) have been published. More data from pilot projects are needed to improve the evaluation of biochar production technologies. Additional research on the influence of biochar application on surface albedo, atmospheric soot concentration, and yield responses is necessary to assess the entire climate impact of biochar systems. Above all, further field trials on the ability of different technologies to produce chars for agricultural soils and carbon sequestration are essential for future technology evaluation.
为了开发商业生物炭项目，需要可靠的数据来支持生物炭生产技术。为此，对碳化技术（热解、气化、水热碳化和闪速碳化）的同行评议科学文章进行了分析。热解过程的论文提供了有价值的信息，关于气化过程的信息较少，而关于水热和闪速碳化技术的论文则很少。已经公布了生物炭系统生产成本（从庭院废物每吨热解生物炭 51 美元到釜式炭每吨 386 美元）和温室气体（GHG）平衡（从每吨干生物质原料-1054 千克 CO2e 到+123 千克 CO2e）的广泛数据。需要更多来自试点项目的数据来改进对生物炭生产技术的评估。需要进一步研究生物炭应用对地表反照率、大气烟尘浓度和产量响应的影响，以评估生物炭系统的整体气候影响。最重要的是，未来的技术评估需要进一步的田间试验，以评估不同技术生产农业土壤和碳封存用炭的能力。
