Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 180 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2020 Dec;7(6):1100-1116. doi: 10.1007/s40615-020-00733-7. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
To examine racial/ethnic differences in type of SSB most frequently consumed and in correlates of youth sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake.
Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-2016, for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years (n = 6507). The main outcome was SSB consumption (i.e., sodas, sweetened fruit drinks, nectars, sports and energy drinks, sweetened coffees and teas, enhanced waters). Mean and proportions of SSB intake were estimated accounting for complex sampling strategy and weighting. Multivariable regression models were developed for each race/ethnicity and age group.
Two-thirds of children and adolescents reported consuming SSB on a given day. Among consumers, mean SSB consumption was greatest for Black children and White adolescents and lowest for Asian American children and adolescents. The most popular type of SSB consumed was sweetened fruit drinks among children and soda among adolescents, except among White and Mexican American children for whom soda and Black adolescents for whom sweetened fruit drinks were most popular. Female sex and water intake were negatively associated with SSB consumption across most races/ethnicities. Screen time, dentist visits, nativity, and guardian education were associated with SSB intake among a subset of races/ethnicities.
Associations between covariates and SSB intake as well as types of beverages preferred vary by race/ethnicity, as such chronic disease policies should not be 'one size fits all'. Targeted interventions for specific groups of vulnerable youths hold promise for further reducing SSB consumption, including directing efforts towards reducing sweetened fruit drinks for Black children.
研究青少年含糖饮料（SSB）摄入量的 SSB 最常消费类型的种族/民族差异和相关因素。
数据来自 2011-2016 年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES），年龄在 5-17 岁的儿童和青少年（n=6507）。主要结局是 SSB 消费（即苏打水、加糖果汁饮料、花蜜、运动和能量饮料、加糖咖啡和茶、增强水）。考虑到复杂的抽样策略和权重，估计了 SSB 摄入量的均值和比例。为每个种族/民族和年龄组开发了多变量回归模型。
三分之二的儿童和青少年在某一天报告了 SSB 的消费。在消费者中，黑儿童和白青少年的 SSB 平均消费最高，亚裔美国儿童和青少年的 SSB 平均消费最低。最受欢迎的 SSB 类型是儿童中的加糖果汁饮料和青少年中的苏打水，除了白人儿童和墨西哥裔美国儿童，他们更喜欢苏打水，以及黑人青少年，他们更喜欢加糖果汁饮料。女性性别和水的摄入量与大多数种族/民族的 SSB 消费呈负相关。在一些种族/民族中，屏幕时间、看牙医、出生地和监护人教育与 SSB 摄入量有关。
协变量与 SSB 摄入量以及偏好的饮料类型之间的关联因种族/民族而异，因此慢性病政策不应“一刀切”。针对特定弱势群体青少年的有针对性的干预措施有望进一步减少 SSB 的消费，包括努力减少黑儿童对加糖果汁饮料的消费。
