Duggan Catherine, Carosso Elizabeth, Ibarra Genoveva, Neuhouser Marian L, Thompson Beti
Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
J Immigr Minor Health. 2025 Feb;27(1):112-125. doi: 10.1007/s10903-024-01631-4. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
Latinos form the largest ethnic population in the United States (18.5%), and the majority are Mexican Americans (61.4%). Many Mexican Americans have unique dietary behaviors, yet few food frequency questionnaires explicitly define Mexican American diets. The objective of this work was to engage with a population of rural Mexican Americans to develop a Mexican American food frequency questionnaire. Because acculturation is linked to dietary intake, we also examined acculturation by diet. We used mixed methods with three phases: (1) a qualitative phase in which a sample of rural Mexican-Americans (N = 15) identified and provided rich data about foods they ate; (2) a developmental phase in which 4 day food records were completed sequentially by two new and different samples of Mexican Americans (N = 19); and 3) a preliminary assessment phase where a new sample of Mexican Americans (N = 49) completed the final food frequency questionnaire. The final questionnaire included many traditional Mexican foods and beverages identified by study participants as part of their typical diet. Traditional Mexican foods and beverages were consumed regularly; little variation in diet was seen by level of acculturation. Respondents perceived diets containing commercial sugar-sweetened beverages as unhealthful, but not those with traditional Mexican drinks, which may represent an unappreciated source of added sugar in the diet. Future work includes studies examining dietary patterns in other urban and rural communities with traditional Mexican diets.
拉丁裔是美国最大的族裔群体（占18.5%），其中大多数是墨西哥裔美国人（占61.4%）。许多墨西哥裔美国人有独特的饮食行为，但很少有食物频率问卷能明确界定墨西哥裔美国人的饮食。这项工作的目的是与农村墨西哥裔美国人合作，制定一份墨西哥裔美国人食物频率问卷。由于文化适应与饮食摄入有关，我们还通过饮食来研究文化适应情况。我们采用了混合方法，分为三个阶段：（1）定性阶段，15名农村墨西哥裔美国人样本确定并提供了他们所吃食物的丰富数据；（2）开发阶段，两组不同的新墨西哥裔美国人样本（每组19人）依次完成了4天的食物记录；（3）初步评估阶段，一组新的墨西哥裔美国人样本（49人）完成了最终的食物频率问卷。最终问卷包括了研究参与者确定为其典型饮食一部分的许多传统墨西哥食物和饮料。传统墨西哥食物和饮料经常被食用；文化适应程度不同，饮食差异不大。受访者认为含有商业添加糖饮料的饮食不健康，但含有传统墨西哥饮料的饮食则不然，而传统墨西哥饮料可能是饮食中未被重视的添加糖来源。未来的工作包括研究其他具有传统墨西哥饮食的城乡社区的饮食模式。
