Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
Intern Emerg Med. 2013 Jun;8(4):275-82. doi: 10.1007/s11739-011-0698-0. Epub 2011 Oct 2.
Chronic constipation is a frequently complained condition in clinical practice and may be primary (idiopathic) or due to secondary causes. The definition of the various forms of constipation is presently made according to the Rome III criteria, which recently incorporated also specific diagnostic algorithms. The diagnosis of constipation relies on the patient's history, including use of drugs, physical examination, and specific investigations (transit time, anorectal manometry, balloon expulsion test, defecography). These will often be useful to start a targeted therapeutic schedule that may include fibres, laxatives, biofeedback training and, in extreme cases, a surgical approach. This review will analyse the clinical and diagnostic aspects of chronic constipation in adult patients, with emphasis on recent therapeutic approaches.
慢性便秘是临床实践中经常出现的一种症状，可能是原发性（特发性）的，也可能是由继发性原因引起的。目前，根据罗马 III 标准对各种类型的便秘进行定义，该标准最近还纳入了特定的诊断算法。便秘的诊断依赖于患者的病史，包括药物使用、体格检查和特定的检查（传输时间、肛肠测压、球囊排出试验、排粪造影）。这些通常有助于开始针对特定治疗方案，该方案可能包括纤维、泻药、生物反馈训练，在极端情况下还可能包括手术。本综述将分析成年患者慢性便秘的临床和诊断方面，重点是最近的治疗方法。
