Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2011 Nov;29(14):1515-23. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2011.596217. Epub 2011 Oct 4.
In the present study, we analysed the training-intensity distribution and physiological adaptations over a 6-month period preceding an Ironman triathlon race. Ten athletes (mean ± s: age 43 ± 3 years, mass 78.3 ± 10.3 kg, stature 1.79 ± 0.05 m) participated in the study. The study consisted of three training periods (A, B, C), each of approximately 2 months' duration, and four testing weeks. Testing consisted of incremental tests to exhaustion for swimming, cycling and running, and assessments for anthropometry plus cardiovascular and pulmonary measures. The lactate threshold and the lactate turnpoint were used to demarcate three discipline-specific, exercise-intensity zones. The mean percentage of time spent in zones 1, 2, and 3 was 69 ± 9%, 25 ± 8%, and 6 ± 2% for periods A-C combined. Only modest physiological adaptation occurred throughout the 6-month period, with small to moderate effect sizes at best. Relationships between the training volume/training load and the training-intensity distribution with the changes in key measures of adaptation were weak and probably reflect differences in initial training status. Our results suggest that the effects of intensity distribution are small over short-term training periods and future experimental research is needed to clarify the potential impact of intensity distribution on physiological adaptation.
在本研究中，我们分析了铁人三项赛赛前 6 个月的训练强度分布和生理适应情况。10 名运动员（平均± s：年龄 43 ± 3 岁，体重 78.3 ± 10.3 公斤，身高 1.79 ± 0.05 米）参与了研究。研究包括三个训练期（A、B、C），每个训练期约 2 个月，以及四个测试周。测试包括游泳、自行车和跑步的递增至力竭测试，以及人体测量学以及心血管和肺功能评估。乳酸阈和乳酸转折点用于划分三个特定运动项目的运动强度区。A-C 三个训练期的平均时间百分比分别为 69 ± 9%、25 ± 8%和 6 ± 2%。整个 6 个月期间仅发生了适度的生理适应，最佳效果仅为小到中等。训练量/训练负荷与训练强度分布与适应关键指标变化之间的关系较弱，可能反映了初始训练状态的差异。我们的结果表明，在短期训练期间，强度分布的影响较小，需要进一步的实验研究来阐明强度分布对生理适应的潜在影响。
