Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2019 May;128(4):327-340. doi: 10.1037/abn0000431. Epub 2019 Apr 15.
Cigarette craving is a cardinal feature of smoking, which is the leading preventable cause of death. Despite its clinical relevance, there remains a pressing need to develop new approaches for controlling craving. Although olfactory cues (OCs) are especially well suited to reduce affectively charged cravings, there has been surprisingly little research on the topic. We investigated the strategic use of OCs to reduce cigarette craving. Abstinent smokers ( = 232) initially sampled and rated a series of OCs. Participants then were exposed to in vivo smoking cues, which produced robust cigarette cravings. During peak craving, they were randomly assigned to sniff one of three types of OCs (all of which they had previously sampled) while their craving, and a set of responses thought to be associated with craving, were assessed. OCs that a participant had rated as pleasant reduced craving more than did exposure to odor blank (i.e., neutral) or tobacco-related OCs. This effect persisted over the course of 5 min. In addition, smokers with the most specific autobiographical memory systems were most responsive to the craving-reducing effects of pleasant OCs. About 90% of participants reported they could imagine using a pleasant OC to curb their craving in the natural environment. The present data suggest that OCs show promise for controlling cravings and highlight the need to conduct further research to test whether OCs may prove useful alone or in combination with existing approaches as a smoking cessation intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
烟瘾是吸烟的一个主要特征，而吸烟是可预防死亡的主要原因。尽管它具有临床相关性，但仍迫切需要开发新的方法来控制烟瘾。尽管嗅觉线索（OCs）特别适合减轻情绪化的烟瘾，但对此主题的研究却很少。我们研究了使用 OCs 来控制烟瘾的策略。最初，禁欲的吸烟者（= 232）采样并评估了一系列 OCs。然后，参与者暴露于体内吸烟线索中，这会产生强烈的吸烟欲望。在高峰烟瘾期间，他们被随机分配嗅闻三种类型的 OCs 之一（他们之前都采样过），同时评估他们的烟瘾和一组被认为与烟瘾有关的反应。参与者认为令人愉悦的 OCs 比暴露于无味（即中性）或与烟草相关的 OCs 更能减轻烟瘾。这种效果持续了 5 分钟。此外，具有最特定自传体记忆系统的吸烟者对令人愉悦的 OCs 的烟瘾减轻作用最敏感。大约 90％的参与者表示，他们可以想象在自然环境中使用令人愉悦的 OC 来抑制烟瘾。目前的数据表明，OCs 有望控制烟瘾，并强调需要进一步研究以测试 OCs 是否可以单独或与现有方法结合作为戒烟干预措施是否有用。（PsycINFO 数据库记录（c）2019 APA，保留所有权利）。
