Ospedale Civile di Legnano, Struttura Complessa di Medicina Generale, Struttura Semplice di Allergologia, Legnano, Italy.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2011 Oct 9;141:w13253. doi: 10.4414/smw.2011.13253. eCollection 2011.
Ambrosia is spreading invasively in many European countries. Therefore, surveys showing the long-term consequences regarding the prevalence of sensitisation and allergy rates are needed. The aim of this study was to analyse the development of Ambrosia sensitisation and clinical symptoms over a period of 20 years among the patients of the allergy unit in Legnano in relation to the measured pollen concentrations. Legnano is situated near Milan in a region in northern Italy, known for its high Ambrosia pollen loads.
The sensitisation of patients to Ambrosia and other aeroallergens was tested by a skin prick test. The patients were interviewed about their clinical symptoms and the time of incidence of the symptoms. On average, 1100 patients per year were included in this study in the years 1989-2008. The daily pollen concentration was measured with volumetric Hirst type pollen traps.
The sensitisation rate to Ambrosia increased from 24% to over 70% among the patients whose skin prick tests were positive to pollen. In 1989, about 45% of the Ambrosia sensitised patients suffered from respiratory symptoms (rhinitis and/or asthma) in late summer. After 5 years, this percentage increased to 70% and finally reached 90%. The prevalence of asthma was initially 30% among the Ambrosia sensitised patients and increased slightly to 40%.
The extent of the consequences of high Ambrosia pollen concentrations is not ascertainable over the short term. Sensitisation rates have constantly increased over a period of more than 15 years, and moreover the incidence of allergy is delayed during the first years.
豚草在许多欧洲国家呈入侵性扩张。因此，需要进行调查以了解有关致敏和过敏率的长期后果。本研究的目的是分析过敏科患者在 20 年内对豚草致敏和临床症状的发展，以及与测量的花粉浓度有关的变化。莱尼亚诺位于米兰附近，位于意大利北部一个以高豚草花粉负荷而闻名的地区。
通过皮肤点刺试验测试患者对豚草和其他空气过敏原的致敏情况。对患者进行有关临床症状和症状发作时间的访谈。在 1989 年至 2008 年期间，这项研究平均每年纳入 1100 名患者。使用容积式赫氏型花粉捕捉器测量每日花粉浓度。
花粉皮肤点刺试验阳性的患者中，对豚草的致敏率从 24%增加到 70%以上。1989 年，约 45%的豚草致敏患者在夏末出现呼吸道症状（鼻炎和/或哮喘）。5 年后，这一比例增加到 70%，最终达到 90%。最初，哮喘在豚草致敏患者中的患病率为 30%，略有增加至 40%。
短期内无法确定高豚草花粉浓度的后果的严重程度。致敏率在 15 年以上的时间内持续增加，而且过敏的发作时间也会延迟。
