Department of Human Motion and Sport Science, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2011 Oct;33(5):609-26. doi: 10.1123/jsep.33.5.609.
This study investigated the effects of acute exercise on 53 young (16-24 years) and 47 older (65-74 years) adults' switch-task performance. Participants practiced sports requiring either low or high cognitive demands. Both at rest and during aerobic exercise, the participants performed two reaction time tasks that differed in the amount of executive control involved in switching between global and local target features of visual compound stimuli. Switch costs were computed as reaction time differences between switch and nonswitch trials. In the low demanding task, switch costs were sensitive only to age, whereas in the high demanding task, they were sensitive to acute exercise, age, and sport-related cognitive expertise. The results suggest that acute exercise enhances cognitive flexibility and facilitates complex switch-task performance. Both young age and habitual practice of cognitively challenging sports are associated with smaller switch costs, but neither age nor cognitive expertise seem to moderate the relationship between acute exercise and switch-task performance.
本研究调查了急性运动对 53 名年轻（16-24 岁）和 47 名年长（65-74 岁）成年人转换任务表现的影响。参与者练习需要低或高认知要求的运动。在休息和有氧运动期间，参与者执行了两个反应时任务，这些任务在视觉复合刺激的全局和局部目标特征之间切换所涉及的执行控制量上有所不同。转换成本被计算为转换和非转换试验之间的反应时间差异。在低要求任务中，转换成本仅对年龄敏感，而在高要求任务中，转换成本对急性运动、年龄和与运动相关的认知专长敏感。研究结果表明，急性运动增强了认知灵活性，并促进了复杂的转换任务表现。年轻和习惯性地进行认知挑战性运动都与较小的转换成本相关，但年龄和认知专长都似乎没有调节急性运动与转换任务表现之间的关系。
