Ruedl Gerhard, Brunner Friedrich, Kopp Martin, Burtscher Martin
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. gerhard
J Trauma. 2011 Oct;71(4):1085-7. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e31821e7e91.
A helmet mandatory for people younger than 16 years was implemented in most Austrian provinces in the winter season 2009/2010. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a ski helmet mandatory on age-dependent helmet use.
We compared helmet use in people aged 15 years or less and older than 15 years of Austrian provinces with and without helmet mandatory between the 2008/2009 (n=16,342) and 2009/2010 (n=32,011) winter seasons.
Helmet use in people aged 15 years or less in the 2009/2010 season increased by 16.2% in provinces with helmet mandatory and decreased by 2.1% in provinces without helmet mandatory (all p<0.001), respectively. However, provinces with and without helmet mandatory did not differ regarding mean helmet use in people aged 15 years or less (92.2% vs. 92.8%, p=0.506) in the 2009/2010 season. Helmet use in people older than 15 years in the 2009/2010 season had increased by 11.7% in provinces with helmet mandatory and by 17.9% in provinces without helmet mandatory (all p<0.001), respectively. Helmet use in people older than 15 years was lower in provinces with helmet mandatory compared with provinces without mandatory (63.1% vs. 68.1%, p<0.001) in the 2009/2010 season.
A helmet mandatory for people aged 15 years or less may increase helmet use in involved age groups when helmet use is relatively low. However, public discussions and preventive helmet campaigns based on sound theories of health behavior change may also induce increases in helmet use in skiers aged older than 15 years without helmet mandatory.
2009/2010年冬季，奥地利多数省份实施了针对16岁以下人群的头盔强制令。本研究的目的是评估滑雪头盔强制令对不同年龄段头盔使用情况的影响。
我们比较了2008/2009年（n = 16342）和2009/2010年（n = 32011）冬季，奥地利有和没有头盔强制令省份中15岁及以下和15岁以上人群的头盔使用情况。
在2009/2010赛季，有头盔强制令的省份中，15岁及以下人群的头盔使用率增加了16.2%，而没有头盔强制令的省份中则下降了2.1%（所有p < 0.001）。然而，在2009/2010赛季，有和没有头盔强制令的省份在15岁及以下人群的平均头盔使用率方面没有差异（92.2%对92.8%，p = 0.506）。在2009/2010赛季，有头盔强制令的省份中，15岁以上人群的头盔使用率增加了11.7%，没有头盔强制令的省份中增加了17.9%（所有p < 0.001）。在2009/2010赛季，有头盔强制令的省份中15岁以上人群的头盔使用率低于没有强制令的省份（63.1%对68.1%，p < 0.001）。
对于15岁及以下人群的头盔强制令，在头盔使用率相对较低的相关年龄组中可能会增加头盔使用。然而，基于健康行为改变的合理理论进行的公众讨论和预防性头盔宣传活动，也可能促使15岁以上未实施头盔强制令的滑雪者增加头盔使用。
