Brugués Ariadna Ortiz
Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Catalonia, Spain.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2011 Sep;26(3):164-71.
Music performance anxiety (MPA) affects many individuals independent of age, gender, experience, and hours of practice. In order to prevent MPA from happening or to alleviate it when it occurs, a review of the literature about its prevention and treatment was done. Forty-four articles, meeting evidence-based medicine (EBM) criteria, were identified and analyzed. Performance repertoire should be chosen based on the musician's skill level, and it should be practiced to the point of automaticity. Because of this, the role of music teachers is essential in preventing MPA. Prevention is the most effective method against MPA. Several treatments (psychological as well as pharmacological) have been studied on subjects in order to determine the best treatment for MPA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) seems to be the most effective, but further investigation is desired. Some musicians, in addition to CBT, also take beta-blockers; however, these drugs should only be prescribed occasionally after analyzing the situation and considering the contraindications and possible side effects. Despite these conclusions, more randomized studies with larger, homogeneous groups of subjects would be desirable (according to the EBM criteria), as well as support for the necessity of both MPA prevention and optimized methods of treatment when it does occur.
音乐表演焦虑（MPA）影响着许多人，与年龄、性别、经验和练习时长无关。为了预防MPA的发生或在其出现时减轻症状，我们对有关其预防和治疗的文献进行了综述。共筛选并分析了44篇符合循证医学（EBM）标准的文章。表演曲目应根据音乐家的技能水平来选择，并练习到自动化的程度。因此，音乐教师在预防MPA方面的作用至关重要。预防是对抗MPA最有效的方法。为了确定MPA的最佳治疗方法，已对受试者进行了几种治疗方法（包括心理和药物治疗）的研究。认知行为疗法（CBT）似乎是最有效的，但仍需进一步研究。一些音乐家除了接受CBT外，还会服用β受体阻滞剂；然而，这些药物只有在分析具体情况并考虑禁忌症和可能产生的副作用后才应偶尔开具。尽管有这些结论，但仍需要更多符合EBM标准的、针对更大规模同质化受试者群体的随机研究，以及对MPA预防必要性和其发生时优化治疗方法的支持。
