Peng Jiao, Li Daxu, Chan Yee Kwan, Chen Yan, Lamb Jonathan R, Tam Paul K H, El-Nezami Hani
Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2012 Jun;27(6):2225-31. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfr577. Epub 2011 Oct 10.
Melamine-tainted food can induce kidney stones both in humans and animals and in domestic animals, severe cases caused acute kidney failure and death. Although increasing water intake can ameliorate kidney stone formation, its effect on melamine (Mel)-induced kidney stones has not been studied.
We have analysed the effect of restricted ingestion of drinking water on melamine stone formation in mice. They were given melamine and cyanuric acid orally and received drinking water either freely or for a restricted time. Kidney stone formation and renal function were monitored.
Mice receiving drinking water for a restricted 10-h period initially lost body weight, which returned to normal within 2 days. No other abnormalities were observed. Ingestion of melamine alone failed to induce kidney stones even under conditions of restricted drinking water. In mice treated with melamine together with cyanuric acid for 3 days, no renal stones were formed when the supply of drinking was normal. However, when drinking water was limited, stone formation was observed and accompanied by high levels of serum urea and creatinine. An increase in urine haemoglobin and glucose levels was also found. The administration resulted in up-regulated tissue osteopontin, kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin messenger RNA expression and macrophage infiltration.
Our results indicate the importance of water intake in the formation of melamine-induced renal stone formation in the mouse and provide new information on the mechanisms of melamine stone formation.
受三聚氰胺污染的食物可在人类、动物以及家畜中诱发肾结石，严重情况下会导致急性肾衰竭和死亡。尽管增加饮水量可改善肾结石的形成，但尚未对其对三聚氰胺（Mel）诱发肾结石的影响进行研究。
我们分析了限制饮水对小鼠三聚氰胺结石形成的影响。给小鼠口服三聚氰胺和氰尿酸，并让它们自由饮水或限时饮水。监测肾结石的形成和肾功能。
限时10小时饮水的小鼠最初体重下降，2天内恢复正常。未观察到其他异常。即使在限制饮水的条件下，单独摄入三聚氰胺也未能诱发肾结石。在用三聚氰胺和氰尿酸处理3天的小鼠中，正常供水时未形成肾结石。然而，当饮水受限，观察到结石形成，并伴有血清尿素和肌酐水平升高。还发现尿血红蛋白和葡萄糖水平升高。该给药导致组织骨桥蛋白、肾损伤分子-1和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白信使核糖核酸表达上调以及巨噬细胞浸润。
我们的结果表明饮水在小鼠三聚氰胺诱发肾结石形成中的重要性，并提供了三聚氰胺结石形成机制的新信息。
