Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Santa Rita Hospital, Complexo Hospitalar Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Mycopathologia. 2012 Mar;173(2-3):139-44. doi: 10.1007/s11046-011-9488-5. Epub 2011 Oct 12.
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is the principal systemic mycosis in Brazil, with higher incidence rates in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions. It primarily involves the lungs, but head and neck manifestations are common, and differential diagnosis with granulomatous and neoplastic diseases should therefore be considered.
We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of paracoccidioidomycosis cases with head and neck manifestations in southern Brazil over a 10-year period, from 1998 to 2008.
A total of 36 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis were confirmed by histopathological examination, fungal investigation, or culture. Most cases consisted of men with smoking and/or chronic drinking habits and with poor hygiene and nutrition.
Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic to southern Brazil. Most cases with mucocutaneous manifestations affect the head and neck region. Given that risk factors and clinical manifestations are similar to those of head and neck carcinomas, a differential diagnosis has to be done.
球孢子菌病是一种由双相真菌巴西副球孢子菌引起的系统性真菌病。它是巴西主要的系统性真菌病，在南部、东南部和中西部地区发病率较高。它主要涉及肺部，但头颈部表现常见，因此应考虑与肉芽肿性和肿瘤性疾病进行鉴别诊断。
我们对 1998 年至 2008 年期间巴西南部头颈部表现的球孢子菌病病例进行了回顾性分析。
共确诊 36 例球孢子菌病，通过组织病理学检查、真菌学研究或培养证实。大多数病例为男性，有吸烟和/或酗酒习惯，且卫生和营养状况较差。
球孢子菌病在巴西南部流行。大多数黏膜皮肤表现的病例影响头颈部区域。由于危险因素和临床表现与头颈部癌相似，因此需要进行鉴别诊断。
