Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine-University, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
Viruses. 2011 Jul;3(7):1112-30. doi: 10.3390/v3071112. Epub 2011 Jul 11.
Virus infections elicit an immediate innate response involving antiviral factors. The activities of some of these factors are, in turn, blocked by viral countermeasures. The ensuing battle between the host and the viruses is crucial for determining whether the virus establishes a foothold and/or induces adaptive immune responses. A comprehensive systems-level understanding of the repertoire of anti-viral effectors in the context of these immediate virus-host responses would provide significant advantages in devising novel strategies to interfere with the initial establishment of infections. Recent efforts to identify cellular factors in a comprehensive and unbiased manner, using genome-wide siRNA screens and other systems biology "omics" methodologies, have revealed several potential anti-viral effectors for viruses like Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), West Nile virus (WNV), and influenza virus. This review describes the discovery of novel viral restriction factors and discusses how the integration of different methods in systems biology can be used to more comprehensively identify the intimate interactions of viruses and the cellular innate resistance.
病毒感染会引发立即的先天反应，涉及抗病毒因素。这些因素中的一些活动反过来又会被病毒的对策所阻断。宿主和病毒之间的后续斗争对于确定病毒是否立足和/或诱导适应性免疫反应至关重要。在这些立即的病毒-宿主反应背景下，全面系统地了解抗病毒效应因子的范围将在设计干扰感染初始建立的新策略方面提供重要优势。最近，人们利用全基因组 siRNA 筛选和其他系统生物学“组学”方法，以全面和无偏倚的方式识别细胞因子，发现了几种针对人类免疫缺陷病毒 1 型 (HIV-1)、丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)、西尼罗河病毒 (WNV) 和流感病毒等病毒的潜在抗病毒效应因子。本文描述了新型病毒限制因子的发现，并讨论了如何将不同方法整合到系统生物学中，以更全面地识别病毒与细胞先天抗性的密切相互作用。
