Área de Zoología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca E-37071, Spain.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Nov 18;138(2):595-601. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.10.003. Epub 2011 Oct 7.
In several Spanish rural communities, simple and effective plant-based remedies are employed for the control of vector-borne diseases. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and usage custom of traditional insect control in the Arribes del Duero-ARD-(Salamanca-Zamora, W Spain).
Between 2005 and 2009, 116 semi-structured interviews of 80 non-specialist people (44 men and 36 women; mean age, 72) were conducted. This community was located in the Arribes del Duero Natural Park, representative of a highly heterogeneous Mediterranean landscape with a strong decline in the population and a significant proportion (almost 40%) age 65 or greater. We calculated the cultural importance for each species cited. To analyze how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) varies with the characteristics of the informants, we performed an ANCOVA.
We documented the traditional use of 22 vascular plants as remedies to prevent or treat external parasites, and control mosquitoes, flies and other nuisance insects. There were described 27 plant remedies, of which 16 (59%) continue to be in use, including basil (Ocimum basilicum L. and Ocimum minimum L.) as a repellent for mosquitoes and houseflies. Most of the plant species contain phenols and/or terpenoids, and in several investigations bioassays have been performed to test their repellent and/or insecticidal properties. Three taxa (Ballota nigra L., Cicer arietinum L. and Ocimum minimum) have not been tested and these may offer excellent natural remedies. As well as allowing the discovery of new chemical compounds with insecticidal activity, this traditional knowledge may be paramount in the control of potential populations of vectors of emerging diseases in the Mediterranean region without harming the environment.
在几个西班牙农村社区，人们采用简单而有效的植物性疗法来控制媒介传播疾病。因此，本研究旨在评估 Arribes del Duero-ARD-（萨拉曼卡-萨莫拉，西班牙西部）地区传统昆虫控制的知识和使用习俗。
2005 年至 2009 年间，对 116 名非专业人士（44 名男性和 36 名女性；平均年龄 72 岁）进行了 116 次半结构式访谈。该社区位于 Arribes del Duero 自然公园内，代表着高度异质的地中海景观，人口急剧下降，年龄在 65 岁或以上的人口比例高达近 40%。我们计算了每种被引用物种的文化重要性。为了分析传统生态知识（TEK）如何随信息提供者的特征而变化，我们进行了协方差分析。
我们记录了 22 种维管植物作为预防或治疗外部寄生虫以及控制蚊子、苍蝇和其他滋扰昆虫的方法的传统用途。描述了 27 种植物疗法，其中 16 种（59%）仍在使用，包括罗勒（Ocimum basilicum L. 和 Ocimum minimum L.）作为驱蚊剂和驱蝇剂。大多数植物物种含有酚类和/或萜类化合物，并且在几项研究中已经进行了生物测定以测试它们的驱避和/或杀虫特性。三种分类群（Ballota nigra L.、Cicer arietinum L. 和 Ocimum minimum）尚未经过测试，它们可能提供极好的天然疗法。这种传统知识不仅可以发现具有杀虫活性的新化合物，而且对于控制地中海地区潜在的新发疾病媒介种群而又不损害环境至关重要。
