Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Sep 15;131(2):343-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.022. Epub 2010 Jul 17.
We studied traditional knowledge (TK) and current uses of medicinal plants among the inhabitants of the Arribes del Duero-ARD-(Spain), documenting traditional medical practices.
We interviewed 80 key informants (44 men and 36 women). Their average age was 72 years (range 48-98 years). We calculated the cultural importance for each species cited. To analyze how TK varies with the characteristics of the different informants, we performed an ANCOVA, taking the number of use-reports (URs) provided by each informant as a variable to model, and age and gender as explanatory variables.
156 medicinal remedies were recorded; they were based on a single species and were cited by at least three independent informants, and half of them are still in use today. These remedies are related to nine major organ systems and 54 therapeutic uses, and 70 species (belonging to 39 families) are used, most of which are herbs (64%). The most relevant family is the Lamiaceae (23 remedies, 8 species) and the species employed in the greatest number of remedies (8) is Urtica dioica L. However, the taxon with the greatest cultural value is Hypericum perforatum L. (CI=0.71). 31% of the variability of the TK can be explained in terms of the age and gender of the informants (R(2)=0.315), the age factor having a positive effect. Most of the remedies are related to the treatment of unimportant ailments, referring to disorders of the skin, and the respiratory and digestive systems. The leaves and fruits are the most frequently sought plant parts (40 and 17% of the plants mentioned, respectively), and infusions (34%) and decoctions (28%) are the main methods used for preparing the remedies. Likewise, we recorded remedies based on plant mixtures and ethnomedicinal novelties or rare uses, and comment on the influence exerted by superstition. Currently, many people preserve a rich TK about medicinal plants, and it may be affirmed that the folk medicine is still very much alive in the ARD, above all as regards the treatment of certain common afflictions or unimportant ailments.
我们研究了杜罗河上游（西班牙）居民的传统知识（TK）和药用植物的当前用途，记录了传统医疗实践。
我们采访了 80 名关键信息提供者（44 名男性和 36 名女性）。他们的平均年龄为 72 岁（范围 48-98 岁）。我们为每个被引用的物种计算了文化重要性。为了分析 TK 如何随不同信息提供者的特征而变化，我们进行了协方差分析，以每个信息提供者提供的使用报告（UR）数量作为变量进行建模，并将年龄和性别作为解释变量。
记录了 156 种药用疗法；它们基于单一物种，并且至少有三个独立的信息提供者引用，其中一半仍在今天使用。这些疗法与九个主要器官系统和 54 种治疗用途有关，涉及 70 种（属于 39 个科）的物种，其中大多数是草药（64%）。最相关的科是唇形科（23 种疗法，8 种），使用最多的物种（8 种）是荨麻属植物。然而，具有最大文化价值的分类单元是贯叶金丝桃（CI=0.71）。信息提供者的年龄和性别可以解释 TK 变异的 31%（R²=0.315），年龄因素具有积极影响。大多数疗法与治疗不重要的疾病有关，涉及皮肤、呼吸和消化系统的疾病。叶子和果实是最常寻求的植物部位（分别占所提到植物的 40%和 17%），用于制备疗法的主要方法是煎剂（34%）和煮剂（28%）。同样，我们记录了基于植物混合物和民族医学新发现或稀有用途的疗法，并评论了迷信的影响。目前，许多人保留了丰富的药用植物 TK，可以肯定的是，民间医学在杜罗河上游仍然非常活跃，尤其是在治疗某些常见疾病或不重要的疾病方面。
