Nomaguchi Kei, Milkie Melissa A
Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, 231 Williams Hall, Bowling Green, OH 43403.
Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, 725 Spadina Ave., Toronto, ON M5S 2J4 Canada.
J Marriage Fam. 2020 Feb;82(1):198-223. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12646. Epub 2020 Jan 5.
Understanding social aspects of parental well-being is vital, because parents' welfare has implications not only for parents themselves but also for child development, fertility, and the overall health of a society. This article provides a critical review of scholarship on parenthood and well-being in advanced economies published from 2010 to 2019. It focuses on the role of social, economic, cultural, and institutional contexts of parenting in influencing adult well-being. We identify major themes, achievements, and challenges and organize the review around the demands-rewards perspective and two theoretical frameworks: the stress process model and life course perspectives. The analysis shows that rising economic insecurities and inequalities and a diffusion of intensive parenting ideology were major social contexts of parenting in the 2010s. Scholarship linking parenting contexts and parental well-being illuminated how stressors related to providing and caring for children could unjustly burden some parents, especially mothers, those with fewer socioeconomic resources, and those with marginalized statuses. In that vein, researchers continued to emphasize how stressors diverged by parents' socioeconomic status, gender, and partnership status, with new attention to strains experienced by racial/ethnic minority, immigrant, and LGBTQ parents. Scholars' comparisons of parents' positions in various countries expanded, enhancing knowledge regarding specific policy supports that allow parents to thrive. Articulating future research within a stress process model framework, we showed vibrant theoretical pathways, including conceptualizing potential parental social supports at multiple levels, attending to the intersection of multiple social locations of parents, and renewing attention to local contextual factors and parenting life stages.
理解父母幸福感的社会层面至关重要，因为父母的幸福不仅关系到父母自身，还对儿童发展、生育以及社会的整体健康产生影响。本文对2010年至2019年发表的关于发达经济体中为人父母与幸福感的学术研究进行了批判性综述。它聚焦于育儿的社会、经济、文化和制度背景在影响成年人幸福感方面的作用。我们确定了主要主题、成就和挑战，并围绕需求-回报视角以及两个理论框架——压力过程模型和生命历程视角来组织综述。分析表明，经济不安全感和不平等加剧以及密集育儿观念的传播是2010年代育儿的主要社会背景。将育儿背景与父母幸福感联系起来的学术研究阐明了与养育和照顾孩子相关的压力源如何可能不公平地给一些父母，尤其是母亲、社会经济资源较少的父母以及处于边缘地位的父母带来负担。在这方面，研究人员继续强调压力源如何因父母的社会经济地位、性别和伴侣关系状况而有所不同，同时新关注了少数族裔、移民和 LGBTQ 父母所经历的压力。学者们对不同国家父母地位的比较有所扩展，增进了对有助于父母茁壮成长的具体政策支持的了解。在压力过程模型框架内阐述未来研究时，我们展示了充满活力的理论路径，包括在多个层面概念化潜在的父母社会支持、关注父母多个社会位置的交叉点以及重新关注当地背景因素和育儿生活阶段。
