Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2011 Dec 14;59(23):12520-6. doi: 10.1021/jf203442h. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
Breeding to increase folate levels in edible parts of plants, termed folate biofortification, is an economical approach to fight against folate deficiency in humans, especially in the developing world. Germplasm with elevated folates are a useful genetic source for both breeding and direct use. Spinach is one of the well-know vegetables that contains a relatively high amount of folate. Currently, little is known about how much folate, and their composition varies in different spinach accessions. The aim of this study was to investigate natural variation in the folate content and composition of spinach genotypes grown under controlled environmental conditions. The folate content and composition in 67 spinach accessions were collected from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) germplasm collections according to their origin, grown under control conditions to screen for natural diversity. Folates were extracted by a monoenzyme treatment and analyzed by a validated liquid chromatography (LC) method. The total folate content ranged from 54.1 to 173.2 μg/100 g of fresh weight, with 3.2-fold variation, and was accession-dependent. Four spinach accessions (PI 499372, NSL 6095, PI 261787, and TOT7337-B) have been identified as enriched folate content over 150 μg/100 g of fresh weight. The folate forms found were H(4)-folate, 5-CH(3)-H(4)-folate, and 5-HCO-H(4)-folate, and 10-CHO-folic acid also varied among different accessions and was responsible for variation in the total folate content. The major folate vitamer was represented by 5-CH(3)-H(4)-folate, which on average accounted for up to 52% of the total folate pool. The large variation in the total folate content and composition in diverse spinach accessions demonstrates the great genetic potential of diverse genotypes to be exploited by plant breeders.
植物可食用部分叶酸水平的提高（称为叶酸生物强化）是一种经济有效的方法，可用于解决人类，特别是发展中国家的叶酸缺乏问题。富含叶酸的种质是进行选育和直接利用的有用遗传资源。菠菜是一种众所周知的富含叶酸的蔬菜。目前，人们对不同菠菜品种中叶酸的含量及其组成知之甚少。本研究旨在调查在受控环境条件下生长的菠菜基因型中叶酸含量和组成的自然变异。根据其起源，从美国农业部（USDA）和亚洲蔬菜研究与发展中心（AVRDC）种质收集库中收集了 67 个菠菜品种的叶酸含量和组成，在控制条件下种植以筛选自然多样性。通过单酶处理提取叶酸，并通过验证的液相色谱（LC）方法进行分析。总叶酸含量范围为 54.1 至 173.2 μg/100 g 鲜重，变化幅度为 3.2 倍，与品种有关。四个菠菜品种（PI 499372、NSL 6095、PI 261787 和 TOT7337-B）被鉴定为富含叶酸含量超过 150 μg/100 g 鲜重。发现的叶酸形式有 H（4）-叶酸、5-CH（3）-H（4）-叶酸和 5-HCO-H（4）-叶酸，不同品种之间的 10-CHO-叶酸也存在差异，这是导致总叶酸含量变化的原因。主要的叶酸变体是 5-CH（3）-H（4）-叶酸，平均占总叶酸库的 52%。不同菠菜品种中总叶酸含量和组成的巨大差异表明，不同基因型具有巨大的遗传潜力，可供植物育种家利用。
