Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
Plant J. 2022 Aug;111(3):662-682. doi: 10.1111/tpj.15859. Epub 2022 Jun 27.
B vitamins are a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are required in all life forms. With the lack of biosynthetic pathways, humans depend on dietary uptake of these compounds, either directly or indirectly, from plant sources. B vitamins are frequently given little consideration beyond their role as enzyme accessory factors and are assumed not to limit metabolism. However, it should be recognized that each individual B vitamin is a family of compounds (vitamers), the regulation of which has dedicated pathways. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly evident that individual family members have physiological relevance and should not be sidelined. Here, we elaborate on the known forms of vitamins B , B and B , their distinct functions and importance to metabolism, in both human and plant health, and highlight the relevance of vitamer homeostasis. Research on B vitamin metabolism over the past several years indicates that not only the total level of vitamins but also the oft-neglected homeostasis of the various vitamers of each B vitamin is essential to human and plant health. We briefly discuss the potential of plant biology studies in supporting human health regarding these B vitamins as essential micronutrients. Based on the findings of the past few years we conclude that research should focus on the significance of vitamer homeostasis - at the organ, tissue and subcellular levels - which could improve the health of not only humans but also plants, benefiting from cross-disciplinary approaches and novel technologies.
B 族维生素是一组水溶性微量营养素，所有生命形式都需要它们。由于缺乏生物合成途径，人类依赖于从植物来源直接或间接摄取这些化合物。除了作为酶辅助因子的作用外，B 族维生素通常很少被考虑，并且人们认为它们不会限制新陈代谢。然而，应该认识到，每种单独的 B 族维生素都是一组化合物（维生素原），它们的调节有专门的途径。此外，越来越明显的是，各个家族成员都具有生理相关性，不应被忽视。在这里，我们详细介绍了维生素 B 、B 和 B 的已知形式、它们在人类和植物健康中的不同功能和对新陈代谢的重要性，并强调了维生素原同型平衡的相关性。过去几年对 B 族维生素代谢的研究表明，不仅维生素的总水平，而且每种 B 族维生素的各种维生素原的经常被忽视的同型平衡，对人类和植物的健康都是至关重要的。我们简要讨论了植物生物学研究在支持这些作为必需微量营养素的 B 族维生素对人类健康的潜在作用。基于过去几年的研究结果，我们得出结论，研究应侧重于维生素原同型平衡的意义——在器官、组织和亚细胞水平——这不仅可以改善人类的健康，还可以改善植物的健康，从跨学科方法和新技术中受益。
