Swiss Paraplegic Research (SPF), Nottwil, Switzerland.
Spinal Cord. 2012 Feb;50(2):94-106. doi: 10.1038/sc.2011.116. Epub 2011 Oct 18.
Systematic literature review.
To examine the current knowledge of how social support and social skills are associated with aspects of health, functioning and quality of life of persons living with spinal cord injury (SCI).
A systematic literature review was conducted. The literature search was carried out in Pubmed, PsycINFO, ERIC (Educational Resources Information Centre), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Embase and SSCI (Social Sciences Citation Index). Publications were identified according to predefined eligibility criteria; study qualities were evaluated, study results extracted and a narrative synthesis was compiled.
In all, 58 publications about social support and SCI were included. Social support was positively related to physical and mental health, pain, coping, adjustment and life satisfaction. Social skills were assessed in 11 studies: social problem solving (n=7), assertiveness (n=3), verbal communication (n=1) and self-monitoring (n=1) were examined. Effective problem-solving skills were related to better mental health outcomes, health prevention behavior and less secondary conditions. Assertiveness was related to higher depression in rehabilitation setting. Interventions targeted at social support or social skills were scarcely studied. Only one study examined the relationship between social skills and social support in SCI.
Social support is associated with better health and functioning in individuals with SCI. However, the full range of social skills has not yet been studied in people with SCI. Furthermore, the role of social skills in relation to social support, health and functioning remains unclear. Better understanding of social skills and social support in SCI could facilitate the development of targeted and effective interventions to enhance functioning of people with SCI.
系统文献回顾。
探讨社会支持和社交技能与脊髓损伤（SCI）患者健康、功能和生活质量各方面之间关系的现有知识。
进行了系统的文献回顾。文献检索在 Pubmed、PsycINFO、ERIC（教育资源信息中心）、CINAHL（护理和联合健康文献累积索引）、Embase 和 SSCI（社会科学引文索引）中进行。根据预先确定的合格标准确定出版物；评估研究质量，提取研究结果，并编写叙述性综合报告。
共纳入 58 篇关于社会支持和 SCI 的出版物。社会支持与身心健康、疼痛、应对、适应和生活满意度呈正相关。在 11 项研究中评估了社交技能：社交问题解决（n=7）、自信（n=3）、言语沟通（n=1）和自我监控（n=1）。有效的问题解决技能与更好的心理健康结果、健康预防行为和较少的继发性疾病有关。在康复环境中，自信与更高的抑郁有关。针对社会支持或社交技能的干预措施研究甚少。只有一项研究探讨了 SCI 患者社交技能和社会支持之间的关系。
社会支持与 SCI 个体的健康和功能更好相关。然而，SCI 人群中尚未全面研究社交技能。此外，社交技能在与社会支持、健康和功能的关系方面的作用仍不清楚。更好地了解 SCI 中的社交技能和社会支持可以促进开发有针对性和有效的干预措施，以增强 SCI 患者的功能。
