School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Appl Microbiol. 2012 Jan;112(1):205-13. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05179.x. Epub 2011 Nov 14.
To investigate the distribution of staphylococcal enterotoxin genes (se) and the molecular features of community-associated methicillin-sensitive/resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MSSA/MRSA) isolates in the nostrils of healthy pets and their owners.
A total of 114 Staph. aureus isolates were identified from 1563 nasal swab samples, and CA-MRSA accounted for 20·2% (n = 23) of the total identified isolates. CA-MRSA isolates (91·3%, 21/23) harboured higher percentage of se than did CA-MSSA isolates (58·2%, 53/91) (P < 0·01), and the two highest se profiles of CA-MRSA were seb-sek-seq (42·9%, 9/21) and seb-sek-seq-sep (28·6%, 6/21). Of the MSSAs, 42·8% (39/91) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial drug and 8·8% (8/91) were multidrug resistant (MDR). We identified nine staphylocoagulase (SC) types (I-VIII and X) and three multilocus sequence types (ST59-MRSA-IV/V, ST-239-MRSA-V and ST241-MRSA-V). SC VII (23·4%, 22/94), a staphylococcal food poisoning isolate found mainly in Japan, and ST-59-MRSA-IV/V (85%, 17/20), a widespread CA-MRSA clone found mainly in Taiwan, both were the most predominant types. Phylogenetic analysis together with se and molecular characteristics obtained using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that high levels of antimicrobial resistance and the se-carrying clone ST59-MRSA-IV/V-SC VII were all clustered in genogroup 5.
The CA-MRSA clone of se-carrying-MDR-ST-59-IV/V-SC VII was identified predominantly in this study, and this clone might play a significant role in staphylococcal food poisoning in community settings.
To our knowledge, this is the first study focussing on enterotoxin-carrying CA-MRSA/MSSA in pets and their owners, and the results support the future warnings in animal-human bond caused by CA-staphylococci in the commonwealth and the need to take cautions worldwide.
调查社区相关甲氧西林敏感/耐药金黄色葡萄球菌（CA-MSSA/MRSA）鼻定植菌中葡萄球菌肠毒素基因（se）的分布及分子特征。
从 1563 份鼻腔拭子样本中鉴定出 114 株金黄色葡萄球菌，其中 CA-MRSA 占总鉴定分离株的 20.2%（23 株）。CA-MRSA 分离株（91.3%，21/23）携带更高比例的 se，而 CA-MSSA 分离株（58.2%，53/91）则较低（P＜0.01），CA-MRSA 中两个最高的 se 图谱为 seb-sek-seq（42.9%，21/23）和 seb-sek-seq-sep（28.6%，6/21）。91 株 MSSA 中有 42.8%（39/91）至少对一种抗菌药物耐药，8.8%（8/91）为多重耐药（MDR）。我们鉴定出 9 种葡萄球菌凝固酶（SC）型（I-VIII 和 X）和 3 种多位点序列型（ST59-MRSA-IV/V、ST-239-MRSA-V 和 ST241-MRSA-V）。发现 23.4%（22/94）的分离株为 SCVII（葡萄球菌食物中毒分离株，主要见于日本），85%（17/20）为广泛流行的 CA-MRSA 克隆株 ST-59-MRSA-IV/V（主要见于中国台湾），均为最主要的类型。基于脉冲场凝胶电泳获得的 se 携带情况和分子特征的系统进化分析表明，高水平的抗菌药物耐药性和携带 se 的克隆株 ST59-MRSA-IV/V-SC VII 均聚集在基因群 5 中。
本研究中主要鉴定出携带 se 的 CA-MRSA 克隆株为 MDR-ST59-IV/V-SC VII，该克隆株可能在社区环境中食源性葡萄球菌中毒中发挥重要作用。
据我们所知，这是首次针对宠物及其主人携带肠毒素的 CA-MRSA/MSSA 进行的研究，结果支持了在英联邦国家由 CA-葡萄球菌引起的动物-人关系的未来预警，并需要在全球范围内保持警惕。
