Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011 Oct 18;7(12):718-29. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2011.150.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that affects various organs. Lupus nephritis is one of the most common, and most important, serious manifestations of SLE. Antimalarial agents are part of the immunomodulatory regimen used to treat patients with SLE; however, their role in the treatment of patients with lupus nephritis in particular is less well recognized, especially by nephrologists. Not all antimalarial agents have been used in the treatment of lupus; this Review will focus on studies using chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. In addition, this Review will briefly describe the history of antimalarial drug use in patients with SLE, the theorized mechanisms of action of the agents chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, their efficacy in patients with SLE and those with lupus nephritis, their use in pregnancy, and potential adverse effects. The Review will also cover the latest recommendations regarding monitoring for hydroxychloroquine-associated or chloroquine-associated retinopathy. Overall, antimalarial drugs have numerous beneficial effects in patients with SLE and lupus nephritis, and have a good safety profile.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种多系统自身免疫性疾病，可影响多种器官。狼疮肾炎是 SLE 最常见和最重要的严重表现之一。抗疟药是用于治疗 SLE 患者的免疫调节方案的一部分；然而，它们在狼疮肾炎患者治疗中的作用，尤其是在肾病学家中，认识得还不够充分。并非所有的抗疟药都曾用于治疗狼疮；本综述将重点介绍使用氯喹和羟氯喹的研究。此外，本综述还将简要描述抗疟药在 SLE 患者中的使用历史、氯喹和羟氯喹的作用机制理论、它们在 SLE 患者和狼疮肾炎患者中的疗效、在妊娠中的应用以及潜在的不良反应。本综述还将涵盖关于羟氯喹相关或氯喹相关视网膜病变监测的最新建议。总的来说，抗疟药对 SLE 和狼疮肾炎患者有许多有益的作用，且具有良好的安全性。
