The National Institutes of Health, The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Stem Cell Res Ther. 2011 Oct 19;2(5):40. doi: 10.1186/scrt81.
There are many similarities between health issues affecting military and civilian patient populations, with the exception of the relatively small but vital segment of active soldiers who experience high-energy blast injuries during combat. A rising incidence of major injuries from explosive devices in recent campaigns has further complicated treatment and recovery, highlighting the need for tissue regenerative options and intensifying interest in the possible role of stem cells for military medicine. In this review we outline the array of tissue-specific injuries typically seen in modern combat - as well as address a few complications unique to soldiers--and discuss the state of current stem cell research in addressing each area. Embryonic, induced-pluripotent and adult stem cell sources are defined, along with advantages and disadvantages unique to each cell type. More detailed stem cell sources are described in the context of each tissue of interest, including neural, cardiopulmonary, musculoskeletal and sensory tissues, with brief discussion of their potential role in regenerative medicine moving forward. Additional commentary is given to military stem cell applications aside from regenerative medicine, such as blood pharming, immunomodulation and drug screening, with an overview of stem cell banking and the unique opportunity provided by the military and civilian overlap of stem cell research.
影响军事和民用患者群体的健康问题有许多相似之处，但有一个相对较小但至关重要的群体除外，即现役士兵在战斗中经历高能爆炸伤。最近的战役中，爆炸装置造成的重大伤害的发生率不断上升，这使得治疗和康复变得更加复杂，凸显了对组织再生选择的需求，并加剧了人们对干细胞在军事医学中可能作用的兴趣。在这篇综述中，我们概述了现代战斗中通常出现的一系列特定组织损伤——以及解决一些士兵特有的并发症——并讨论了当前干细胞研究在解决每个领域的情况。定义了胚胎、诱导多能性和成人干细胞来源，以及每种细胞类型特有的优缺点。更详细的干细胞来源在每个感兴趣的组织背景下进行了描述，包括神经、心肺、肌肉骨骼和感觉组织，并简要讨论了它们在再生医学中的潜在作用。除了再生医学之外，还对军事干细胞应用进行了补充说明，如血液制药、免疫调节和药物筛选，并概述了干细胞储存库以及军事和民用干细胞研究重叠带来的独特机会。
