Vaillant George E
Professor of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA.
Mens Sana Monogr. 2008 Jan;6(1):48-62. doi: 10.4103/0973-1229.36504.
awe, love (attachment), trust (faith), compassion, gratitude, forgiveness, joy and hope constitute what we mean by spirituality. These emotions have been grossly ignored by psychiatry. The two sciences that I shall employ to demonstrate this definition of spirituality will be ethology and neuroscience. They are both very new. I will argue that spirituality is not about ideas, sacred texts and theology; rather, spirituality is all about emotion and social connection.Specific religions, for all their limitations, are often the portal through which positive emotions are brought into conscious attention. Neither Freud nor psychiatric textbooks ever mention emotions like joy and gratitude. Hymns and psalms give these emotions pride of place. Our whole concept of psychotherapy might change if clinicians set about enhancing positive emotions rather than focusing only on negative emotions.
本文提出，敬畏、爱（依恋）、信任（信念）、同情、感恩、宽恕、喜悦和希望这八种积极情绪构成了我们所说的灵性。这些情绪一直被精神病学严重忽视。我将用以证明这种灵性定义的两门学科是动物行为学和神经科学。它们都是非常新的学科。我将论证，灵性并非关乎观念、宗教经典和神学；相反，灵性完全关乎情感和社会联系。尽管所有特定宗教都有其局限性，但它们常常是让积极情绪进入有意识关注的入口。弗洛伊德以及精神病学教科书都从未提及喜悦和感恩等情绪。赞美诗和圣歌赋予了这些情绪重要地位。如果临床医生着手增强积极情绪而非仅仅关注消极情绪，我们整个心理治疗的概念可能会改变。
