Gosling J P
Department of Biochemistry, University College, Galway, Ireland.
Clin Chem. 1990 Aug;36(8 Pt 1):1408-27.
Immunoassays are now very widely used in the clinical laboratory, either because no other type of assay system is feasible or because they are often the most effective and suitable of the possible analytical methods. The last decade has seen the development and refinement of many new immunoassay reagents and systems. The major trend has been away from liquid-phase assays involving radioisotopic labels, towards fast homogeneous or solid-phase assays capable of operation anywhere; and towards precise and reliable nonisotopic, automated or semi-automated laboratory assays, often with detection limits measured in pico- or attomoles. The use of monoclonal antibodies is now widespread, and the methodologies of labels and of solid-phase components are much more sophisticated. New assay formulations, novel homogeneous systems, immunosensors, free-analyte assays, the importance of thorough validation and of interfering substances, and future trends are discussed.
免疫测定法目前在临床实验室中得到了非常广泛的应用，这要么是因为没有其他类型的测定系统可行，要么是因为在可能的分析方法中，它们往往是最有效且最合适的。在过去十年中，许多新的免疫测定试剂和系统得到了开发和完善。主要趋势是从涉及放射性同位素标记的液相测定法，转向能够在任何地方操作的快速均相或固相测定法；并转向精确可靠的非同位素、自动化或半自动化实验室测定法，其检测限通常以皮摩尔或阿托摩尔为单位。单克隆抗体的使用现在很普遍，标记物和固相成分的方法也更加复杂。本文讨论了新的测定配方、新型均相系统、免疫传感器、游离分析物测定法、全面验证和干扰物质的重要性以及未来趋势。
