School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Biosensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 9;11(10):382. doi: 10.3390/bios11100382.
To improve the output and quality of agricultural products, pesticides are globally utilized as an efficient tool to protect crops from insects. However, given that most pesticides used are difficult to decompose, they inevitably remain in agricultural products and are further enriched into food chains and ecosystems, posing great threats to human health and the environment. Thus, developing efficient methods and tools to monitor pesticide residues and related biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase and butylcholinesterase) became quite significant. With the advantages of excellent stability, tailorable catalytic performance, low cost, and easy mass production, nanomaterials with enzyme-like properties (nanozymes) are extensively utilized in fields ranging from biomedicine to environmental remediation. Especially, with the catalytic nature to offer amplified signals for highly sensitive detection, nanozymes were finding potential applications in the sensing of various analytes, including pesticides and their biomarkers. To highlight the progress in this field, here the sensing principles of pesticides and cholinesterases based on nanozyme catalysis are definitively summarized, and emerging detection methods and technologies with the participation of nanozymes are critically discussed. Importantly, typical examples are introduced to reveal the promising use of nanozymes. Also, some challenges in the field and future trends are proposed, with the hope of inspiring more efforts to advance nanozyme-involved sensors for pesticides and cholinesterases.
为了提高农产品的产量和质量，农药被全球广泛用作保护作物免受虫害的有效工具。然而，鉴于大多数使用的农药难以分解，它们不可避免地残留在农产品中，并进一步富集到食物链和生态系统中，对人类健康和环境构成了巨大威胁。因此，开发有效的方法和工具来监测农药残留和相关生物标志物（乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁酰胆碱酯酶）变得非常重要。纳米材料具有酶的特性（纳米酶），具有优异的稳定性、可定制的催化性能、低成本和易于大规模生产等优点，广泛应用于从生物医药到环境修复等领域。特别是，由于具有提供高灵敏度检测放大信号的催化性质，纳米酶在各种分析物（包括农药及其生物标志物）的传感方面具有潜在的应用。为了突出该领域的进展，本文明确总结了基于纳米酶催化的农药和胆碱酯酶的传感原理，并批判性地讨论了新兴的检测方法和技术。重要的是，引入了一些典型的例子来揭示纳米酶的应用前景。此外，还提出了该领域的一些挑战和未来趋势，希望能激发更多的努力来推进涉及纳米酶的农药和胆碱酯酶传感器的发展。
