Pollai Maria, Kirchler Erich
University of Vienna, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Economic Psychology, Educational Psychology and Evaluation, Austria.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2012 Jan;139(1):239-43. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.09.013. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
In naturalistic risky decision-making tasks, risk-defusing behavior plays a central role. A risk-defusing operator (RDO) is an action carried out by the decision maker in order to decrease the risk of an alternative. Post-event RDOs (i.e., applied after the occurrence of a negative event) are more risky, but are associated with lower costs than pre-event RDOs (i.e., applied before the occurrence of a negative event). Two studies examine whether the choice between pre-event and post-event RDOs is influenced by detection probability, by involvement type (i.e., whether the decision has consequences for the decision maker or for other people), and by the interaction between these two variables. The results indicate that the effect of detection probability on choice was stronger if other people were involved than if the decision makers themselves were involved. Thus, in naturalistic risky decision tasks with consequences for themselves, people take detection probabilities into account to a lesser extent than in decisions with consequences for other people.
在自然主义的风险决策任务中，风险化解行为起着核心作用。风险化解操作（RDO）是决策者为降低某一选项的风险而采取的行动。事后风险化解操作（即在负面事件发生后应用）风险更高，但与事前风险化解操作（即在负面事件发生前应用）相比成本更低。两项研究考察了事前和事后风险化解操作之间的选择是否受检测概率、参与类型（即决策对决策者还是对其他人有影响）以及这两个变量之间的相互作用的影响。结果表明，如果涉及其他人，检测概率对选择的影响比涉及决策者自身时更强。因此，在对自身有影响的自然主义风险决策任务中，人们考虑检测概率的程度低于对他人有影响的决策。
