CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 Feb;76(2):162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.10.006. Epub 2011 Oct 21.
The increasing interest on the application of ionic liquids (ILs) to a wide range of processes and products has been hampered by a lack of toxicological data, mainly in what concerns novel cations, such as guanidinium, phosphonium, and functionalized and non-functionalized imidazolium-based ILs. The present study reports the toxicity of five guanidinium-, six phosphonium, and six imidazolium-based ILs, towards the luminescent marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri. These new results clearly show that guanidinium-, unlike the imidazolium- and phosphonium-based ILs, do not follow the trend of increasing toxicity with the increase in the alkyl chain length. Moreover, the introduction of oxygenated groups on the alkyl chains, such as ether and ester, leads to a decrease of the toxicity of guanidinium and also imidazolium compounds. In what respects the effect of the different cations, it is possible to recognize that the phosphonium-based ILs seem to be more toxic when compared to the analog imidazolium-based ILs (with the same anion and alkyl chains).
人们对离子液体（ILs）在广泛的工艺和产品中的应用越来越感兴趣，但由于缺乏毒理学数据，特别是在新型阳离子（如胍基、鏻基和功能化及非功能化的咪唑基 ILs）方面，这一兴趣受到了阻碍。本研究报告了 5 种胍基、6 种鏻基和 6 种咪唑基 ILs 对发光海洋细菌 Vibrio fischeri 的毒性。这些新结果清楚地表明，胍基与基于咪唑啉和鏻的 ILs 不同，其毒性不会随着烷基链长度的增加而增加。此外，在烷基链上引入含氧基团，如醚和酯，会降低胍基和咪唑基化合物的毒性。至于不同阳离子的影响，可以看出与具有相同阴离子和烷基链的类似咪唑基 ILs 相比，鏻基 ILs 似乎毒性更大。
