Karaman Maja, Vraneš Milan, Tot Aleksandar, Papović Snežana, Miljaković Dragana, Gadžurić Slobodan, Ignjatov Maja
Faculty of Science, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3 21000 Novi Sad Serbia
Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops MaksimaGorkog 30 21000 Novi Sad Serbia.
RSC Adv. 2020 Jun 12;10(38):22318-22323. doi: 10.1039/d0ra02475a. eCollection 2020 Jun 10.
The fungal genus Nees 1816 includes the most prevalent pathogenic species that can cause crop diseases such as blight, black spot, and dark leaf spot. In accordance with the aim of developing modern sustainable approaches in agriculture for the replacement of synthetic and toxic substances with environmentally friendly alternatives, the objective of this study was to examine the antifungal activities of 18 newly synthesized ionic liquids (ILs) against three strains: , and . The antifungal activities of the ILs were estimated a microdilution method to establish minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values. The results confirmed that 17 of the 18 ILs showed strain specificity, including good antifungal activity toward strains, with MIC and MFC values in the range of 0.04 to 0.43 mol dm. The strongest antifungal effects toward all analyzed strains were displayed by the compounds with long alkyl chains: [omim][Cl] (MIC/MFC: 0.042 mol dm), [dmim][Cl] (MIC/MFC: 0.043 mol dm), [ddmim][Cl] (MIC/MFC: 0.053 mol dm), [ddTSC][Br] (MIC/MFC: 0.053 mol dm), and [Allyl-mim][Cl] (MIC/MFC: 0.054 mol dm). The introduction of oxygen as a hydroxyl group resulted in less-pronounced toxicity towards compared to the introduction of an ether group, while the contribution of the hydroxyl group was shown to be a more determining factor than the prolongation of the side-chain, resulting in overall fungicidal activity decrease. Our results indicate the possibility that the most effective ILs ([Allyl-mim][Cl], [omim][Cl], [dmim][Cl], [ddmim][Cl], [bTSC][Br], [hTSC][Br], [oTSC][Br], [dTSC][Br], and [ddTSC][Br]) could be applied to the control of plant diseases caused by species, based on their potential as an environmentally friendly crop protection approach. Since salts based on TSC cations are significantly cheaper to synthesize, stable under mild conditions, and environmentally friendly after degradation, thiosemicarbazidium-based ILs can be a suitable replacement for commercially available imidazolium ILs.
Nees 1816真菌属包含最常见的致病物种，这些物种可引发诸如疫病、黑斑病和暗叶斑病等作物病害。为了实现农业领域开发现代可持续方法，用环境友好型替代品取代合成有毒物质这一目标，本研究的目的是检测18种新合成的离子液体（ILs）对三种菌株（[菌株名称1]、[菌株名称2]和[菌株名称3]）的抗真菌活性。通过微量稀释法评估ILs的抗真菌活性，以确定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MFC）值。结果证实，18种ILs中的17种表现出菌株特异性，对[菌株名称1]菌株具有良好的抗真菌活性，MIC和MFC值在0.04至0.43 mol dm范围内。对所有分析的[菌株名称1]菌株具有最强抗真菌作用的是具有长烷基链的化合物：[omim][Cl]（MIC/MFC：0.042 mol dm）、[dmim][Cl]（MIC/MFC：0.043 mol dm）、[ddmim][Cl]（MIC/MFC：0.053 mol dm）、[ddTSC][Br]（MIC/MFC：0.053 mol dm）和[Allyl-mim][Cl]（MIC/MFC：0.054 mol dm）。与引入醚基相比，引入作为羟基的氧对[菌株名称1]的毒性影响较小，而羟基的作用被证明是比侧链延长更具决定性的因素，导致整体杀菌活性降低。我们的结果表明，基于其作为环境友好型作物保护方法的潜力，最有效的ILs（[Allyl-mim][Cl]、[omim][Cl]、[dmim][Cl]、[ddmim][Cl]、[bTSC][Br]、[hTSC][Br]、[oTSC][Br]、[dTSC][Br]和[ddTSC][Br]）有可能应用于控制由[菌株名称1]物种引起的植物病害。由于基于TSC阳离子的盐合成成本显著更低，在温和条件下稳定，且降解后对环境友好，基于硫代氨基脲鎓的ILs可以成为市售咪唑鎓ILs的合适替代品。
