Department of Rheumatology, Bone and Joint Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Feb;31(2):199-202. doi: 10.1007/s10067-011-1880-5. Epub 2011 Oct 22.
In recent years, there has been an increased recognition that vitamin D is not only a risk factor for poor musculoskeletal health but also a possible important contributor in the development of different autoimmune diseases. This has been linked to multiple immunosuppressive properties of vitamin D. Vitamin D has got pleiotropic effects and this reflects the wide spread presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) throughout the body. Currently, there is much ongoing research with regard to its emerging role in immunopathology. VDR has not only been found in tissues involved in calcium homeostasis but also in a variety of cell lines involved primarily in immune regulation, e.g., mononuclear cells, dendritic cells, antigen-presenting cells, and activated B lymphocytes and CD4+ T cells. There have been several reports linking the presence of low vitamin D to various autoimmune diseases. However, for autoimmune/inflammatory disease outcomes, firm conclusions regarding cause and effect cannot be based on epidemiological association studies, and prospective, long-term, well-designed studies, including large intervention trials, are needed across all life stages. In this paper, we will describe the evidence base for this potential role of vitamin D in different aspects of autoimmune diseases. Because of the enormous breadth of this emerging field, our aim in this review is not to provide an exhaustive list of all literature pertinent to vitamin D and immunopathology. Instead, we will frame the reasons and rationale behind the development of several immunoregulatory activities for 1,25(OH)2D3.
近年来，人们越来越认识到，维生素 D 不仅是骨骼肌肉健康不良的风险因素，而且可能是多种自身免疫性疾病发展的重要因素。这与维生素 D 的多种免疫抑制特性有关。维生素 D 具有多种效应，这反映了维生素 D 受体（VDR）在全身的广泛存在。目前，关于其在免疫病理学中的新兴作用有大量正在进行的研究。VDR 不仅存在于参与钙稳态的组织中，也存在于主要参与免疫调节的各种细胞系中，例如单核细胞、树突状细胞、抗原呈递细胞以及活化的 B 淋巴细胞和 CD4+T 细胞。有几项报告将维生素 D 缺乏与各种自身免疫性疾病联系起来。然而，对于自身免疫/炎症性疾病的结果，不能仅基于流行病学关联研究来确定因果关系，需要在所有生命阶段进行包括大型干预试验在内的前瞻性、长期、精心设计的研究。在本文中，我们将描述维生素 D 在自身免疫性疾病不同方面的这种潜在作用的证据基础。由于这一新兴领域的范围非常广泛，我们在这篇综述中的目的不是提供与维生素 D 和免疫病理学相关的所有文献的详尽列表。相反，我们将阐述 1,25(OH)2D3 几种免疫调节活性发展的原因和基本原理。
