Department of Psychiatry, Division of Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 May 1;122(3):228-35. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.002. Epub 2011 Oct 29.
The mechanisms by which behavioral therapies for substance use disorders (SUDs) exert their effects and the components of treatment that contribute most to substance use outcome remain unclear. Disruptions to aspects of impulse control and attention have been hypothesized to contribute to the development and maintenance of addiction; moreover, alterations in these processes may underlie responses to treatment.
Individuals participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance abuse participated in fMRI Stroop before and after treatment. A non-substance-using comparison group performed the same task under test-retest conditions.
The patient group demonstrated decreased Stroop-related BOLD signal in regions including the anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus and midbrain at post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, and displayed a greater decrease in the subthalamic nucleus and surrounding regions compared to healthy controls following test-retest.
Behavioral therapies may be associated with reduction in substance use and effects on neural systems involved in cognitive control, impulsivity, motivation and attention.
物质使用障碍（SUD）的行为疗法发挥作用的机制以及对物质使用结果贡献最大的治疗成分仍不清楚。冲动控制和注意力方面的障碍被假设为导致成瘾的发展和维持；此外，这些过程的改变可能是对治疗反应的基础。
参与评估计算机辅助认知行为疗法（CBT）治疗物质滥用的随机临床试验的个体在治疗前后进行 fMRI Stroop 测试。一组非物质使用的对照组在测试-重测条件下执行相同的任务。
与治疗前相比，患者组在治疗后在包括前扣带皮层、下额回和中脑在内的区域中与 Stroop 相关的 BOLD 信号减少，并且与健康对照组相比，在测试-重测后在丘脑底核和周围区域的减少更大。
行为疗法可能与减少物质使用以及对涉及认知控制、冲动、动机和注意力的神经系统的影响有关。
