Robinson Terry E, Berridge Kent C
Department of Psychology, Biopsychology Program, The University of Michigan, East Hall, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1109, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 Oct 12;363(1507):3137-46. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0093.
We present a brief overview of the incentive sensitization theory of addiction. This posits that addiction is caused primarily by drug-induced sensitization in the brain mesocorticolimbic systems that attribute incentive salience to reward-associated stimuli. If rendered hypersensitive, these systems cause pathological incentive motivation ('wanting') for drugs. We address some current questions including: what is the role of learning in incentive sensitization and addiction? Does incentive sensitization occur in human addicts? Is the development of addiction-like behaviour in animals associated with sensitization? What is the best way to model addiction symptoms using animal models? And, finally, what are the roles of affective pleasure or withdrawal in addiction?
我们简要概述了成瘾的动机敏感化理论。该理论认为，成瘾主要是由药物引起的大脑中脑皮质边缘系统敏感化所致，该系统将动机显著性归因于与奖励相关的刺激。如果这些系统变得高度敏感，就会导致对药物产生病理性的动机驱动（“渴望”）。我们探讨了一些当前的问题，包括：学习在动机敏感化和成瘾中起什么作用？动机敏感化是否发生在人类成瘾者身上？动物成瘾样行为的发展与敏感化有关吗？使用动物模型模拟成瘾症状的最佳方法是什么？最后，情感愉悦或戒断在成瘾中起什么作用？
