Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011 Dec 12;366(1583):3466-77. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0052.
Researchers using the parasite-stress theory of human values have discovered many cross-cultural behavioural patterns that inform a range of scholarly disciplines. Here, we apply the theory to major categories of interpersonal violence, and the empirical findings are supportive. We hypothesize that the collectivism evoked by high parasite stress is a cause of adult-on-adult interpersonal violence. Across the US states, parasite stress and collectivism each positively predicts rates of men's and women's slaying of a romantic partner, as well as the rate of male-honour homicide and of the motivationally similar felony-related homicide. Of these four types of homicide, wealth inequality has an independent effect only on rates of male-honour and felony-related homicide. Parasite stress and collectivism also positively predict cross-national homicide rates. Child maltreatment by caretakers is caused, in part, by divestment in offspring of low phenotypic quality, and high parasite stress produces more such offspring than low parasite stress. Rates of each of two categories of the child maltreatment--lethal and non-lethal--across the US states are predicted positively by parasite stress, with wealth inequality and collectivism having limited effects. Parasite stress may be the strongest predictor of interpersonal violence to date.
研究人员利用寄生虫压力理论研究人类价值观，发现了许多跨文化行为模式，这些模式为多个学术领域提供了信息。在这里，我们将该理论应用于主要类别的人际暴力，实证研究结果是支持的。我们假设，由高寄生虫压力引起的集体主义是导致成人之间人际暴力的原因。在美国各州，寄生虫压力和集体主义都分别对男性和女性杀害浪漫伴侣的比率、男性荣誉杀人率以及动机相似的与重罪相关的杀人率产生积极的预测作用。在这四种类型的杀人案件中，只有财富不平等对男性荣誉和与重罪相关的杀人案件的比率有独立的影响。寄生虫压力和集体主义也对跨国杀人率有积极的预测作用。照顾者对儿童的虐待在一定程度上是由于对低表型质量后代的投资减少所致，而高寄生虫压力会产生比低寄生虫压力更多的此类后代。在美国各州，两种类型的儿童虐待——致死性和非致死性——的比率都被寄生虫压力积极预测，而财富不平等和集体主义的影响有限。寄生虫压力可能是迄今为止人际暴力的最强预测因素。
