Gershon R R, Vlahov D, Nelson K E
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205.
AIDS. 1990 Jul;4(7):645-50. doi: 10.1097/00002030-199007000-00006.
To date, three well-documented modes of transmission of HIV-1 (sexual, percutaneous and perinatal) have been described. Although the theoretical possibility exists for HIV-1 transmission through other routes, including non-percutaneous, non-sexual modes often referred to as 'casual' contact (and several anecdotal reports suggest this possibility), there is no credible epidemiological evidence to support this. Fourteen combined surveys, with over 750 individuals with potential exposure through non-percutaneous, non-sexual modes of contact, have failed to find a single case of HIV-1 infection (upper bound of 95% confidence interval = 0.40%), indicating that the risk of transmission by non-percutaneous, non-sexual modes is remote. Given the emotionally charged concerns about transmission of an infection which may end fatally in a high proportion of affected individuals, critical review of the low probability of transmission through non-percutaneous, non-sexual modes is important so that preventive efforts can be focused appropriately.
迄今为止，已描述了三种有充分记录的HIV-1传播方式（性传播、经皮传播和围产期传播）。虽然理论上存在HIV-1通过其他途径传播的可能性，包括常被称为“偶然”接触的非经皮、非性接触方式（一些轶事报道表明存在这种可能性），但没有可靠的流行病学证据支持这一点。针对超过750名可能通过非经皮、非性接触方式暴露的个体进行的14项联合调查，未发现一例HIV-1感染病例（95%置信区间上限=0.40%），这表明通过非经皮、非性接触方式传播的风险极小。鉴于人们对一种在很大比例的感染者中可能致命的感染传播问题情绪激动，对通过非经皮、非性接触方式传播的低概率进行严格审查很重要，以便能适当地集中预防工作。
