MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Nov 4;60(43):1482-6.
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988. In 1995, when eradication activities were initiated in India, an estimated 50,000 polio cases were occurring each year. By 2006, transmission of indigenous wild poliovirus (WPV) had been interrupted in all countries except India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria. During 2006--2009, India annually reported 559 to 874 cases of confirmed WPV, with cases centered in the northern states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. These cases accounted for 43% of confirmed cases of WPV reported worldwide during this period. However, in 2010, only 42 WPV cases were reported in India, and in 2011, only one WPV case had been confirmed as of October 31. This report updates previous reports and summarizes progress toward polio eradication in India during January 2010--September 2011. Throughout India, the most recent confirmed WPV type 3 (WPV3) case occurred on October 22, 2010, in Jharkhand, and the most recent confirmed WPV type 1 (WPV1) case occurred on January 13, 2011, in West Bengal; WPV2 has not been reported in India since 1999. Importation of WPV into India is a risk, and undetected low-level WPV transmission is a possibility, requiring high vaccination coverage in all states, continued focus on children in migrant and underserved populations, sensitive surveillance for prompt detection of any WPV, and preparedness to mount a robust emergency vaccination campaign in response to any WPV cases.
全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动始于 1988 年。1995 年，在印度启动根除行动时，每年估计有 50000 例脊髓灰质炎病例。到 2006 年，除印度、阿富汗、巴基斯坦和尼日利亚外，所有国家都已中断了本土野生脊髓灰质炎病毒（WPV）的传播。2006 年至 2009 年，印度每年报告 559 至 874 例确诊的 WPV 病例，病例集中在北方邦和比哈尔邦。这些病例占同期全球报告的 WPV 确诊病例的 43%。然而，2010 年印度仅报告了 42 例 WPV 病例，2011 年截至 10 月 31 日仅确认了一例 WPV 病例。本报告更新了以往的报告，并总结了印度在 2010 年 1 月至 2011 年 9 月期间在根除脊髓灰质炎方面的进展情况。在印度各地，最近一次确诊的 WPV 3 型（WPV3）病例发生在 2010 年 10 月 22 日的恰尔康得邦，最近一次确诊的 WPV 1 型（WPV1）病例发生在 2011 年 1 月 13 日的西孟加拉邦；自 1999 年以来，印度未报告 WPV2 病例。WPV 输入印度是一个风险，存在未被发现的低水平 WPV 传播的可能性，需要在所有邦保持高疫苗接种覆盖率，继续关注移民和服务不足人群中的儿童，对 WPV 进行敏感监测以迅速发现任何病例，并为应对任何 WPV 病例做好准备，开展强有力的应急疫苗接种运动。
