Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Endourol. 2012 Jun;26(6):602-13. doi: 10.1089/end.2011.0252. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
Laparoscopy has become an effective modality for the treatment of many pediatric urologic conditions that need both extirpative and reconstructive techniques. Laparoscopic procedures for urologic diseases in children, such as pyeloplasty, orchiopexy, nephrectomy, and bladder augmentation, have proven to be safe and effective with outcomes comparable to those of open techniques. Given the steep learning curve and technical difficulty of laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery (RAS) is increasingly being adopted in pediatric patients worldwide. Anything that can be performed laparoscopically in adults can be extended into pediatric practice with minor technical refinements. We review the role of laparoscopic and RAS in pediatric urology and provide technical considerations necessary to perform minimally invasive surgery successfully.
腹腔镜技术已成为治疗许多需要切除和重建技术的小儿泌尿外科疾病的有效手段。对于小儿泌尿外科疾病，如肾盂成形术、睾丸固定术、肾切除术和膀胱扩大术，腹腔镜手术已被证明是安全有效的，其结果与开放手术相当。由于腹腔镜手术的学习曲线陡峭且技术难度较大，机器人辅助腹腔镜手术（RAS）在全球小儿患者中越来越多地被采用。成人中可以进行的任何腹腔镜手术都可以通过微小的技术改进扩展到儿科实践中。我们回顾了腹腔镜和 RAS 在小儿泌尿外科中的作用，并提供了成功实施微创手术所需的技术考虑因素。
