Medical Department, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark.
Dig Liver Dis. 2012 Mar;44(3):185-94. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2011.10.001. Epub 2011 Nov 3.
A better understanding of the environmental factors leading to inflammatory bowel disease should help to prevent occurrence of the disease and its relapses.
To review current knowledge on dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease.
The PubMed, Medline and Cochrane Library were searched for studies on diet and risk of inflammatory bowel disease.
Established non-diet risk factors include family predisposition, smoking, appendectomy, and antibiotics. Retrospective case-control studies are encumbered with methodological problems. Prospective studies on European cohorts, mainly including middle-aged adults, suggest that a diet high in protein from meat and fish is associated with a higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Intake of the n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid linoleic acid may confer risk of ulcerative colitis, whereas n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be protective. No effect was found of intake of dietary fibres, sugar, macronutrients, total energy, vitamin C, D, E, Carotene, or Retinol (vitamin A) on risk of ulcerative colitis. No prospective data was found on risk related to intake of fruits, vegetables or food microparticles (titanium dioxide and aluminium silicate).
A diet high in protein, particular animal protein, may be associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease and relapses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids may predispose to ulcerative colitis whilst n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid may protect. These results should be confirmed in other countries and in younger subjects before dietary counselling is recommended in high risk subjects.
更好地了解导致炎症性肠病的环境因素有助于预防疾病的发生和复发。
综述饮食因素与炎症性肠病风险的关系。
检索 PubMed、Medline 和 Cochrane Library 中关于饮食与炎症性肠病风险的研究。
已确定的非饮食危险因素包括家族易感性、吸烟、阑尾切除术和抗生素。回顾性病例对照研究存在方法学问题。对欧洲队列的前瞻性研究主要包括中年人群，表明高蛋白质饮食（来自肉类和鱼类的蛋白质）与炎症性肠病风险增加相关。n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸可能增加溃疡性结肠炎的风险，而 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸可能具有保护作用。饮食纤维、糖、宏量营养素、总能量、维生素 C、D、E、胡萝卜素或视黄醇（维生素 A）的摄入量与溃疡性结肠炎的风险无关。未发现前瞻性数据表明水果、蔬菜或食物微粒（二氧化钛和硅酸铝）的摄入量与风险相关。
高蛋白饮食，特别是动物蛋白饮食，可能与炎症性肠病和复发的风险增加有关。n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸可能易患溃疡性结肠炎，而 n-3 多不饱和脂肪酸可能具有保护作用。在其他国家和年轻人群中得到证实之前，不建议对高危人群进行饮食咨询。
