Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
Neuroimage. 2012 Aug 15;62(2):665-71. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.057. Epub 2011 Oct 25.
The rapid development of fMRI was paralleled early on by the adaptation of MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) methods to quantify water relaxation changes during brain activation. This review describes the evolution of multi-echo acquisition from high-speed MRSI to multi-echo EPI and beyond. It highlights milestones in the development of multi-echo acquisition methods, such as the discovery of considerable gains in fMRI sensitivity when combining echo images, advances in quantification of the BOLD effect using analytical biophysical modeling and interleaved multi-region shimming. The review conveys the insight gained from combining fMRI and MRSI methods and concludes with recent trends in ultra-fast fMRI, which will significantly increase temporal resolution of multi-echo acquisition.
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的快速发展与磁共振波谱成像（MRSI）方法的适应并行，这些方法可用于量化大脑激活过程中的水弛豫变化。本综述描述了从高速 MRSI 到多回波 EPI 以及更高级的多回波采集的演变。它强调了多回波采集方法发展中的里程碑，例如当组合回波图像时，fMRI 灵敏度的显著提高，使用分析生物物理模型和交错多区域匀场来定量 BOLD 效应的进展。该综述传达了从 fMRI 和 MRSI 方法结合中获得的见解，并以超快速 fMRI 的最新趋势结束，这将极大地提高多回波采集的时间分辨率。
