School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
Exp Brain Res. 2012 Jan;216(2):169-79. doi: 10.1007/s00221-011-2921-7. Epub 2011 Nov 6.
The relations among spatial memory, Stroop-like colour-word subtests, and errors on antisaccade and memory-guided saccadic eye-movement trials for older and younger adults were tested. Two types of errors in the antisaccade task were identified: short latency prosaccade errors that were immediately corrected and longer latency uncorrected prosaccade errors. The age groups did not differ on percentages of either corrected or uncorrected errors, but the latency and time to correct prosaccade errors were shorter for younger than older adults. Uncorrected prosaccade errors correlated significantly with spatial memory accuracy and errors on the colour-word subtests, but neither of these neuropsychological indices correlated with corrected prosaccade errors. These findings suggest that uncorrected prosaccade errors may be a result of cognitive factors involving a failure to maintain the goal of the antisaccade task in working memory. In contrast, corrected errors may be a consequence of a fixation system involving an initial failure to inhibit a reflexive prosaccade but with active goal maintenance enabling correction to take place.
本研究测试了老年人和年轻人在空间记忆、Stroop 式颜色词子测验、反扫视和记忆引导眼动试验错误之间的关系。反扫视任务中的两种错误类型被识别出来：立即纠正的短潜伏期顺行眼跳错误和未纠正的长潜伏期顺行眼跳错误。两个年龄组在纠正或未纠正的错误百分比上没有差异，但年轻人的潜伏期和纠正顺行眼跳错误的时间比老年人短。未纠正的顺行眼跳错误与空间记忆准确性和颜色词子测验的错误显著相关，但这两个神经心理学指标与纠正的顺行眼跳错误都不相关。这些发现表明，未纠正的顺行眼跳错误可能是认知因素的结果，涉及在工作记忆中无法维持反扫视任务的目标。相比之下，纠正的错误可能是一个固定系统的结果，该系统最初无法抑制反射性的顺行眼跳，但通过积极的目标维持，使纠正得以发生。
