Yep Rachel, Smorenburg Matthew L, Riek Heidi C, Calancie Olivia G, Kirkpatrick Ryan H, Perkins Julia E, Huang Jeff, Coe Brian C, Brien Donald C, Munoz Douglas P
Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 May 18;14:842549. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.842549. eCollection 2022.
The capacity for inhibitory control is an important cognitive process that undergoes dynamic changes over the course of the lifespan. Robust characterization of this trajectory, considering age continuously and using flexible modeling techniques, is critical to advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms that differ in healthy aging and neurological disease. The interleaved pro/anti-saccade task (IPAST), in which pro- and anti-saccade trials are randomly interleaved within a block, provides a simple and sensitive means of assessing the neural circuitry underlying inhibitory control. We utilized IPAST data collected from a large cross-sectional cohort of normative participants ( = 604, 5-93 years of age), standardized pre-processing protocols, generalized additive modeling, and change point analysis to investigate the effect of age on saccade behavior and identify significant periods of change throughout the lifespan. Maturation of IPAST measures occurred throughout adolescence, while subsequent decline began as early as the mid-20s and continued into old age. Considering pro-saccade correct responses and anti-saccade direction errors made at express (short) and regular (long) latencies was crucial in differentiating developmental and aging processes. We additionally characterized the effect of age on voluntary override time, a novel measure describing the time at which voluntary processes begin to overcome automated processes on anti-saccade trials. Drawing on converging animal neurophysiology, human neuroimaging, and computational modeling literature, we propose potential frontal-parietal and frontal-striatal mechanisms that may mediate the behavioral changes revealed in our analysis. We liken the models presented here to "cognitive growth curves" which have important implications for improved detection of neurological disease states that emerge during vulnerable windows of developing and aging.
抑制控制能力是一种重要的认知过程，在整个生命周期中会经历动态变化。考虑到年龄的连续性并使用灵活的建模技术，对这一轨迹进行稳健的表征，对于推进我们对健康衰老和神经疾病中不同神经机制的理解至关重要。交错的同向/反向扫视任务（IPAST），即同向和反向扫视试验在一个块内随机交错，提供了一种简单而敏感的方法来评估抑制控制背后的神经回路。我们利用从大量规范性参与者（n = 604，年龄在5 - 93岁之间）的横断面队列中收集的IPAST数据、标准化的预处理协议、广义相加模型和变点分析，来研究年龄对扫视行为的影响，并确定整个生命周期中显著的变化时期。IPAST测量指标在整个青春期都在成熟，而随后的下降早在20多岁就开始了，并持续到老年。考虑到在快速（短）和常规（长）潜伏期做出的同向扫视正确反应和反向扫视方向错误，对于区分发育和衰老过程至关重要。我们还描述了年龄对自愿覆盖时间的影响，这是一种新的测量指标，描述了在反向扫视试验中自愿过程开始克服自动过程的时间。借鉴动物神经生理学、人类神经影像学和计算建模文献的趋同研究，我们提出了可能介导我们分析中揭示的行为变化的潜在额顶叶和额纹状体机制。我们将这里提出的模型比作“认知生长曲线”，这对于改进在发育和衰老的脆弱窗口期间出现的神经疾病状态的检测具有重要意义。
