Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300, USA.
Health Psychol. 2013 Apr;32(4):361-9. doi: 10.1037/a0026248. Epub 2011 Nov 7.
Perceived barriers are one of the strongest determinants of health behavior. The current study presents a novel conceptualization of perceived barriers by testing the following hypotheses: (a) perceived barriers are multidimensional and thus should cluster into distinct factors; (b) practical barriers should be salient for individuals intending to engage in a particular health behavior, whereas global barriers should be salient for individuals not intending to enact the behavior; and (c) whereas global barriers should be negatively associated with behavioral intentions, practical barriers should be positively related to intentions.
The context for this investigation was young adult women's perceived barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Two months after viewing an educational video about HPV vaccination, women (aged 18-26) who had not received any doses of the HPV vaccine (n = 703) reported their perceived barriers to HPV vaccination and intentions to receive the vaccine.
Relative to the conventional single-factor approach, a five-factor model provided a better fit to the data and accounted for a larger proportion of variance in vaccination intentions. The relative salience of different perceived barriers varied as a function of women's intentions. Participants who were not intending to get vaccinated cited global concerns about vaccine safety and low perceived need for the vaccine. In contrast, participants intending to get vaccinated cited practical concerns (cost, logistical barriers) related to carrying out their intentions. Moreover, whereas global perceived barriers were associated with lower intentions, practical barriers were associated with higher intentions.
Perceived barriers are multidimensional and vary systematically as a function of people's behavioral intentions.
感知障碍是健康行为的最强决定因素之一。本研究通过检验以下假设提出了感知障碍的新概念化：（a）感知障碍是多维的，因此应该聚类为不同的因素；（b）打算参与特定健康行为的个体应该关注实际障碍，而不打算实施行为的个体应该关注全局障碍；（c）全局障碍与行为意向呈负相关，而实际障碍与意向呈正相关。
本研究的背景是年轻成年女性对人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种的感知障碍。在观看了关于 HPV 疫苗接种的教育视频两个月后，未接种任何剂量 HPV 疫苗的女性（年龄在 18-26 岁之间，n=703）报告了她们对 HPV 疫苗接种的感知障碍和接种疫苗的意向。
与传统的单因素方法相比，五因素模型更符合数据，并且能够更好地解释疫苗接种意向的变化。不同感知障碍的相对重要性因女性的意向而异。不打算接种疫苗的参与者提到了对疫苗安全性的全球担忧和对疫苗需求的低感知。相比之下，打算接种疫苗的参与者提到了与实施其意图相关的实际问题（成本、后勤障碍）。此外，全局感知障碍与较低的意向相关，而实际障碍与较高的意向相关。
感知障碍是多维的，并且会根据人们的行为意向系统地变化。
