Zhou G H, Liu L, Xiu X L, Jian H M, Wang L Z, Sun B Z, Tong B S
Meat Research Laboratory, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 PR China.
Meat Sci. 2001 Aug;58(4):359-62. doi: 10.1016/s0309-1740(00)00160-1.
The carcass characteristics of 334 Chinese Yellow Cattle, and their Simmental and Limousin crosses, were investigated in abattoirs in Hebei and Sandong provinces of China. The overall slaughter age was 4.8±2.2 years at a mean liveweight of 527.28±77.0 kg. Mean ages and liveweights for Yellow Cattle and its crosses were, respectively, 5.29±2.03 and 2.85±1.71 years and 519.43±78.7 and 563.13±56.8 kg. Carcass weights varied considerably and, consequently, so did subcutaneous fat depths and dressing percentages. Overall, mean carcass weights, subcutaneous fat depths and, dressing percentages and eyemuscle areas were 283.9±64.1 kg, 14.0±8.0 mm, 54.0±4.0%, and 62.7 ±13.3 cm(2), respectively. Compared with pure Yellow Cattle, the crosses were slaughtered at younger age, and had larger live and carcass weights, higher dressing percentages, less subcutaneous fat depth and bigger eyemuscle areas. It is concluded that crossbreeding can significantly improve Yellow Cattle' meat productivity, however feeding systems need to be improved and an appropriate grading system developed to improve beef production and quality in China.
在中国河北省和山东省的屠宰场，对334头中国黄牛及其西门塔尔和利木赞杂交后代的胴体特征进行了调查。总体屠宰年龄为4.8±2.2岁，平均活重为527.28±77.0千克。黄牛及其杂交后代的平均年龄和活重分别为5.29±2.03岁和2.85±1.71岁，以及519.43±78.7千克和563.13±56.8千克。胴体重量差异很大，因此皮下脂肪厚度和屠宰率也有很大差异。总体而言，平均胴体重量、皮下脂肪厚度、屠宰率和眼肌面积分别为283.9±64.1千克、14.0±8.0毫米、54.0±4.0%和62.7±13.3平方厘米。与纯种黄牛相比，杂交后代屠宰年龄更小，活重和胴体重量更大，屠宰率更高，皮下脂肪厚度更薄，眼肌面积更大。研究得出结论，杂交可以显著提高黄牛的肉用性能，然而，需要改进饲养系统并制定合适的分级系统，以提高中国牛肉的产量和质量。
