Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
Tissue Eng Part A. 2012 Apr;18(7-8):870-81. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEA.2011.0379. Epub 2011 Dec 22.
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of maxillary sinus floor elevation with a tissue-engineered bone constructed with bone marrow stromal cells (bMSCs) and calcium-magnesium phosphate cement (CMPC) material. The calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) ions released from calcium phosphate cement (CPC), magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), and CMPC were detected by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs seeded on CPC, MPC, and CMPC or cultured in CPC, MPC, and CMPC extracts were measured by MTT analysis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, alizarin red mineralization assay, and real-time PCR analysis of the osteogenic genes ALP and osteocalcin (OCN). Finally, bMSCs were combined with CPC, MPC, and CMPC and used for maxillary sinus floor elevation in rabbits, while CPC, MPC, or CMPC without cells served as control groups. The new bone formation in each group was detected by histological finding and fluorochrome labeling at weeks 2 and 8 after surgical operation. It was observed that the Ca ion concentrations of the CMPC and CPC scaffolds was significantly higher than that of the MPC scaffold, while the Mg ions concentration of CMPC and MPC was significantly higher than that of CPC. The bMSCs seeded on CMPC and MPC or cultured in their extracts proliferated more quickly than the cells seeded on CPC or cultured in its extract, respectively. The osteogenic differentiation of bMSCs seeded on CMPC and CPC or cultured in the corresponding extracts was significantly enhanced compared to that of bMSCs seeded on MPC or cultured in its extract; however, there was no significant difference between CMPC and CPC. As for maxillary sinus floor elevation in vivo, CMPC could promote more new bone formation and mineralization compared to CPC and MPC, while the addition of bMSCs could further enhance its new bone formation ability significantly. Our data suggest that CMPC possesses moderate biodegradability and excellent osteoconductivity, which may be attributed to its Ca and Mg ion composition, and the tissue-engineered bone constructed of CMPC and bMSCs might be a potential alterative graft for maxillofacial bone regeneration.
本研究旨在评估使用骨髓基质细胞（bMSCs）和钙镁磷酸盐水泥（CMPC）构建的组织工程骨进行上颌窦底提升的效果。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）检测磷酸钙水泥（CPC）、磷酸镁水泥（MPC）和 CMPC 中释放的钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）和磷（P）离子，通过 MTT 分析、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性测定、茜素红矿化测定和实时 PCR 分析碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和骨钙素（OCN）等成骨基因，检测接种在 CPC、MPC 和 CMPC 上或在 CPC、MPC 和 CMPC 提取物中培养的 bMSCs 的增殖和成骨分化。最后，将 bMSCs 与 CPC、MPC 和 CMPC 结合用于兔上颌窦底提升，而不含有细胞的 CPC、MPC 和 CMPC 作为对照组。术后 2 周和 8 周，通过组织学发现和荧光标记检测各组的新骨形成。结果观察到 CMPC 和 CPC 支架的 Ca 离子浓度明显高于 MPC 支架，而 CMPC 和 MPC 的 Mg 离子浓度明显高于 CPC。接种在 CMPC 和 MPC 上或在其提取物中培养的 bMSCs 增殖速度明显快于接种在 CPC 上或在其提取物中培养的细胞。与接种在 MPC 上或在其提取物中培养的 bMSCs 相比，接种在 CMPC 和 CPC 上或在相应提取物中培养的 bMSCs 的成骨分化明显增强，而 CMPC 和 CPC 之间无明显差异。对于体内上颌窦底提升，CMPC 可促进比 CPC 和 MPC 更多的新骨形成和矿化，而添加 bMSCs 可显著增强其新骨形成能力。我们的数据表明，CMPC 具有适度的生物降解性和良好的骨传导性，这可能与其 Ca 和 Mg 离子组成有关，由 CMPC 和 bMSCs 构建的组织工程骨可能是颌面骨再生的一种潜在替代移植物。
