Muro Shigeo
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyoto University Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 2011 Oct;69(10):1735-40.
Cigarette smoking is the most important causal factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). On the other hand, a substantial proportion of COPD cases suffer from obstructive disorder by other causes than smoking, especially among younger persons, females, and residents of developing countries. There are evidences that several rare genetic syndromes(such as alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency) and occupational exposures as causes of COPD. Environmental tobacco smoke, biomass smoke, and dietary factors are likely causes of COPD, although their contribution is much less compared to active smoking. Smoking during pregnancy may also pose a risk for the fetus, by affecting lung growth and development in uterus. The quicker the smoking cessation is achieved, the more improvements in the lung functions the COPD patients can obtain. Smoking should be avoided as soon as possible in all the COPD subjects and those who are at risk for developing COPD.
吸烟是导致慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）的最重要病因。另一方面，相当一部分慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者患阻塞性疾病是由吸烟以外的其他原因引起的，尤其是在年轻人、女性和发展中国家居民中。有证据表明，几种罕见的遗传综合征（如α1-抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症）和职业暴露是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病因。环境烟草烟雾、生物质烟雾和饮食因素可能是慢性阻塞性肺疾病的病因，尽管与主动吸烟相比，它们的作用要小得多。孕期吸烟也可能对胎儿构成风险，因为它会影响子宫内肺部的生长和发育。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者戒烟越快，肺功能改善就越多。所有慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者以及有患慢性阻塞性肺疾病风险的人都应尽快避免吸烟。
