Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Sci Total Environ. 2011 Dec 15;412-413:351-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.09.086. Epub 2011 Nov 12.
Monitoring of atmospheric deposition of metals in Norway on a nationwide scale using samples of terrestrial moss started in 1977 and has been repeated every 5 years. This has facilitated a detailed record of temporal and spatial trends of metal deposition all over the country as a supplement to measurements based on bulk deposition sampling on a small number of sites. Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Sb, V, Sn, Mo, and Bi all show highest deposition in the far south due to trans-boundary pollution from other parts of Europe, but the contribution from long-range atmospheric transport to metal deposition has decreased substantially over the years. The distributions of Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Co are more affected by local sources, but a decreasing time trend is also evident for these elements. Se is mainly derived from processes in the marine environment. Deposition of metals from Cu-Ni smelters in Russia situated close to the Norwegian border has shown a steadily increasing trend over the time period concerned.
自 1977 年以来，挪威开始在全国范围内使用陆地苔藓样本监测大气中金属的沉降，每 5 年重复一次。这为全国范围内金属沉降的时间和空间趋势提供了详细的记录，作为基于少数几个站点的大量沉降采样测量的补充。由于来自欧洲其他地区的跨境污染，Pb、Zn、Cd、As、Sb、V、Sn、Mo 和 Bi 的沉降量在最南部最高，但多年来，长距离大气输送对金属沉降的贡献已大大减少。Fe、Ni、Cu、Cr 和 Co 的分布受当地污染源的影响更大，但这些元素的时间趋势也在下降。Se 主要来源于海洋环境中的过程。位于挪威边境附近的俄罗斯铜镍冶炼厂排放的金属沉降量在相关时期呈稳步上升趋势。
