Department of Health Care Organization and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2011 Nov 11;14:53. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-14-53.
Micronutrient deficiencies occur commonly in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Since aflatoxin exposure also results in reduced levels of several micronutrients, HIV and aflatoxin may work synergistically to increase micronutrient deficiencies. However, there has been no report on the association between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiencies in HIV-infected people. We measured aflatoxin B1 albumin (AF-ALB) adduct levels and vitamins A and E concentrations in the plasma of HIV-positive and HIV-negative Ghanaians and examined the association of vitamins A and E with HIV status, aflatoxin levels and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in which participants completed a demographic survey and gave a 20 mL blood sample for analysis of AF-ALB levels, vitamins A and E concentrations, CD4 counts, HIV viral load and HBV infection.
HIV-infected participants had significantly higher AF-ALB levels (median for HIV-positive and HIV-negative participants was 0.93 and 0.80 pmol/mg albumin, respectively; p <0.01) and significantly lower levels of vitamin A (-16.94 μg/dL; p <0.0001) and vitamin E (-0.22 mg/dL; p <0.001). For the total study group, higher AF-ALB was associated with significantly lower vitamin A (-4.83 μg/dL for every 0.1 pmol/mg increase in AF-ALB). HBV-infected people had significantly lower vitamin A (-5.66 μg/dL; p = 0.01). Vitamins A and E levels were inversely associated with HIV viral load (p = 0.02 for each), and low vitamin E was associated with lower CD4 counts (p = 0.004).
Our finding of the significant decrease in vitamin A associated with AF-ALB suggests that aflatoxin exposure significantly compromises the micronutrient status of people who are already facing overwhelming health problems, including HIV infection.
在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒的人群中，微量营养素缺乏较为常见。由于黄曲霉毒素暴露也会导致几种微量营养素水平降低，因此 HIV 和黄曲霉毒素可能会协同作用，增加微量营养素缺乏。然而，目前尚无关于 HIV 感染者黄曲霉毒素暴露与微量营养素缺乏之间关系的报告。我们测量了 HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性加纳人的血浆中黄曲霉毒素 B1 白蛋白（AF-ALB）加合物水平和维生素 A 和 E 浓度，并检查了维生素 A 和 E 与 HIV 状态、黄曲霉毒素水平和乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染之间的关系。
进行了一项横断面研究，参与者完成了人口统计学调查，并提供了 20 毫升血液样本用于分析 AF-ALB 水平、维生素 A 和 E 浓度、CD4 计数、HIV 病毒载量和 HBV 感染。
HIV 感染者的 AF-ALB 水平明显更高（HIV 阳性和 HIV 阴性参与者的中位数分别为 0.93 和 0.80 pmol/mg 白蛋白，p <0.01），维生素 A 水平明显更低（-16.94 μg/dL；p <0.0001）和维生素 E 水平明显更低（-0.22 mg/dL；p <0.001）。对于整个研究组，AF-ALB 升高与维生素 A 水平明显降低相关（AF-ALB 每增加 0.1 pmol/mg，维生素 A 降低 4.83 μg/dL）。HBV 感染者的维生素 A 水平明显更低（-5.66 μg/dL；p = 0.01）。维生素 A 和 E 水平与 HIV 病毒载量呈负相关（p 值分别为 0.02），维生素 E 水平低与 CD4 计数低相关（p = 0.004）。
我们发现与 AF-ALB 相关的维生素 A 显著减少表明，黄曲霉毒素暴露严重损害了已经面临巨大健康问题的人群的微量营养素状况，包括 HIV 感染。
