Department of Psychology, Osaka Kyoiku University, Osaka, Japan.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2011 Nov;96(3):387-415. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2011.96-387.
Undergraduates were exposed to a series of reinforcement schedules: first, to a fixed-ratio (FR) schedule in the presence of one stimulus and to a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule in the presence of another (multiple FR DRL training), then to a fixed-interval (FI) schedule in the presence of a third stimulus (FI baseline), next to the FI schedule under the stimuli previously correlated with the FR and DRL schedules (multiple FI FI testing), and, finally, to a single session of the multiple FR DRL schedule again (multiple FR DRL testing). Response rates during the multiple FI FI schedule were higher under the former FR stimulus than under the former DRL stimulus. This effect of remote histories was prolonged when either the number of FI-baseline sessions was small or zero, or the time interval between the multiple FR DRL training and the multiple FI FI testing was short. Response rates under these two stimuli converged with continued exposure to the multiple FI FI schedule in most cases, but quickly differentiated when the schedule returned to the multiple FR DRL.
首先，在一个刺激物存在的情况下接受固定比率（FR）程序，在另一个刺激物存在的情况下接受低反应率（DRL）程序（多重 FR DRL 训练），然后在第三个刺激物存在的情况下接受固定间隔（FI）程序（FI 基线），接下来在先前与 FR 和 DRL 程序相关的刺激物下接受 FI 程序（多重 FI FI 测试），最后，再次接受单一的多重 FR DRL 程序（多重 FR DRL 测试）。在多重 FI FI 程序期间，在前 FR 刺激物下的反应率高于在前 DRL 刺激物下的反应率。当 FI 基线的次数较少或为零时，或者当多重 FR DRL 训练与多重 FI FI 测试之间的时间间隔较短时，这种远程历史的影响会延长。在大多数情况下，当继续接受多重 FI FI 程序的暴露时，这两个刺激物下的反应率会趋同，但当程序恢复到多重 FR DRL 时，反应率会迅速分化。
