Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, 6207 Moore Hall, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013 Feb;8(2):151-7. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsr079. Epub 2011 Nov 15.
Converging behavioral evidence suggests that people respond to experiences of social exclusion with both defensive and affiliative strategies, allowing them to avoid further distress while also encouraging re-establishment of positive social connections. However, there are unresolved questions regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying people's responses to social exclusion. Here, we sought to gain insight into these behavioral tendencies by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the impact of social exclusion on neural responses to visual scenes that varied on dimensions of sociality and emotional valence. Compared to socially included participants, socially excluded participants failed to recruit dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), a brain region involved in mentalizing, for negative social scenes. Moreover, following social exclusion, dmPFC demonstrated a linear effect of valence, with greater activity to positive social scenes compared to negative social scenes. These results suggest that, following social exclusion, people display a preference for mentalizing about positive social information and tend to avoid negative aspects of their social world.
汇聚的行为证据表明，人们对社会排斥的反应既有防御性的也有亲和性的策略，使他们能够避免进一步的痛苦，同时也鼓励重新建立积极的社会联系。然而，人们对社会排斥反应的认知机制仍存在一些未解决的问题。在这里，我们试图通过使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）来研究社会排斥对视觉场景的神经反应的影响，这些视觉场景在社会性和情感效价维度上有所不同，从而深入了解这些行为倾向。与社会包容的参与者相比，社会排斥的参与者未能招募到内侧前额叶皮层（dmPFC），这是一个参与心理理论的大脑区域，对负面的社会场景没有反应。此外，在社会排斥之后，dmPFC 表现出效价的线性效应，与负面的社会场景相比，对积极的社会场景有更大的活动。这些结果表明，在社会排斥之后，人们表现出对积极的社会信息进行心理理论思考的偏好，并且往往避免他们的社会世界的消极方面。
